The study is based on the analysis of 387 medical records of inpatients with severe traumatic brain injury. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CCH as part of the complex treatment of patients with brain compression by epidural hematoma after surgery, depending on the timing of its use from the moment of injury. The criterion for evaluating the results was the percentage of patient mortality in clinical groups. It has been proven that the effectiveness of CCH as part of complex treatment depends on the timing of its use from the moment of exposure to the traumatic factor. It was found that the use of CCH in the first 48 hours from the moment of injury reduces mortality, while its use after 48 hours after exposure to the traumatic factor does not affect the mortality rate in victims with severe TBI.

This article provides a comprehensive review of traumatic shock, one of the most severe and life-threatening complications of injury. It describes the causes, etiology, and pathogenesis of this condition, focusing on physiological mechanisms leading to circulatory failure, tissue hypoxia, and metabolic disturbances. The paper also analyzes the classification of traumatic shock, clinical manifestations, diagnostic features, and modern approaches to treatment and prevention. Understanding the mechanisms of traumatic shock is essential for timely medical intervention and improved patient survival.

В статье проведен анализ последствий легкой ЧМТ и дана оценка последствиям лёгкой черепно-мозговой травмы. Отмечено, что проблема оценки последствий легких ЧМТ в судебно-медицинской, медико-социальной и правовом отношении остается актуальной. Для совершенствования, повышения качества и доказательности судебно-медицинской экспертизы лиц с легкой ЧМТ, следует провести комплекс конкретных мероприятий. В частности, должен предусматривать применение новейших методов диагностики в нейротравматологии (компьютерная и магнитно-резонансная томография). В тех случаях, когда подобные исследования не были проведены в клинике, при проведении судебно-медицинской экспертизы в спорных случаях, необходимо направить пострадавшего для их исследования. Для учета последствий легкой ЧМТ, необходимо ставить вопрос перед следственными органами о повторном обследовании пострадавших через 4-6 месяцев, после получения травмы. Это необходимо для определения исхода легких ЧМТ и дальнейшего правого и медико-социального прогноза лечения травматической болезни головного мозга.

Pathological changes in the physico-biochemical state of the oral fluid of children with traumatic stomatitis are a fairly wide complex of other expressed changes in the oral cavity of sick children, together with the effect of a general somatic disease, they aggravate the pathological changes defined in the organs of the oral cavity to introduce treatment-prophylactic complex directions aimed at eliminating and preventing cases of deepening of the main traumatic stomatitis symptoms, creating a closed circle with an interdependent effect.

The outcomes of traumatic brain injury and arachnoiditis are the most casual case among the socially active segment of the population aged 18-40, which demonstrates the relevance of this problem. The ozone therapy is carried out by endolumbar method. The ozone will stimulate the immune system of the human body to fights against the viral and other pathological process in human organism, besides ozone has bactericidal properties.

The problem of diagnosing traumatic brain injury (TBI) of mild and moderate severity is becoming increasingly relevant in modern neurotraumatology. According to world statistics, mild and moderate TBI accounts for up to 80-85% of all cases of traumatic brain injury, which determines the high socio-economic significance of this problem. Of particular importance is the fact that the main group of victims are people of working age, which significantly affects the demographic and economic indicators of society.

Traumatic brain injury is damage to the skull and brain by various mechanical agents during trauma. Sudden damage to the brain in emergency situations leads to irreversible processes. Diffuse axonal injury is a type of traumatic brain injury that occurs as a result of a closed brain injury, with damage to the bones of the skull. Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. 

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the most pressing problems of modern neurology and neurosurgery, representing an important medical and social problem due to the high prevalence, significant mortality and disability of victims, mainly of young, able-bodied age. According to the World Health Organization, more than 10 million people worldwide suffer from TBI every year, with about 80% of all cases being mild to moderate injuries.

Older trauma patients (aged 65 and above) face a higher mortality risk compared to their younger counterparts. However, more than 50% survive to discharge, and up to 85% of these individuals return to their prehospital or independent functional status. The remaining 15%, who do not fully recover to their baseline, pose a significant challenge to the medical community. These patients exhibit distinct anatomical and physiological characteristics, as well as a reduced capacity for recovery following traumatic events. Today's older adults place a high value on autonomy, engagement, and control over their lives. Traumatic injuries threaten these values and their overall quality of life. An initially aggressive treatment approach is warranted when a patient presents in extremis and patient history is still being gathered. However, transitioning to alternative strategies becomes challenging once a poor prognosis is determined.

Neurodegeneration involves the progressive dysfunction or loss of selectively vulnerable neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Despite significant advancements in fluid and imaging biomarkers, the definitive diagnosis of most neurodegenerative diseases still depends on neuropathological examination. Careful clinicopathological correlation has been instrumental in shaping clinical diagnostic criteria, enhancing our understanding of disease progression, and uncovering conditions with substantial public health relevance, such as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, iatrogenic amyloid-β deposition, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Neuropathological analysis can also reveal previously undetected genetic conditions with potential implications for family members. Additionally, detailed postmortem tissue examination plays a vital role in research aimed at uncovering molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration and developing or validating biomarkers. This review highlights the hallmark pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases commonly encountered in general neurology, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease; rarer but recognized disorders like progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and multiple system atrophy; as well as emerging entities such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy and age-related tau astrogliopathy.

Traumatic brain injuries and arachnoiditis are the most random case among the socially active layer of the population aged 18-40 years, and also occur in women with a special course, which indicates the relevance of this problem. Ozone therapy using the lumbar method stimulates the immune system of the human body to fight viral and other pathological processes in the human body, besides, ozone has bactericidal properties. This reduces the risk of infection and complications from the brain.

This article delves into the intricate process of nerve cell destruction, exploring the mechanisms behind the damage, the consequences for neurological function, and potential interventions. From neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's to traumatic injuries and autoimmune conditions affecting the nervous system, the article provides insights into the various facets of nerve cell destruction. Special attention is given to emerging research and therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating or preventing the loss of nerve cells. Targeted at both the scientific community and those seeking a deeper understanding of neurological disorders, this article serves as a comprehensive guide to the complex world of nerve cell destruction.

Trauma is a leading cause of death globally, disrupting immune system balance and potentially causing infections and inflammatory issues. A major challenge is preventing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) due to septic complications following severe trauma. Typically, after a severe injury, the immune system shifts from a pro-inflammatory to a counter-inflammatory state, which is seen as a protective response to balance the innate and adaptive immune systems. Our research shows that injury activates inflammasomes and primes Toll-like receptors, enhancing the innate immune system’s antimicrobial defense. However, trauma can also cause a "two-hit" response. Additionally, we found that injury increases regulatory T cell activity, which can influence this "two-hit" response. This paper explores how traumatic injury triggers a unique immune response, possibly initiated by damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), a mix of endogenous danger signals, including alarmins and pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs).

The article presents the main surgically significant forms of post-traumatic pathology in 4136 patients with defects and deformities of the bones of the arch, base of the skull and facial skeleton, recurrent liquorrhea, arteriosine fistula, true and false aneurysms, etc. A classification of the consequences and complications of traumatic brain injury, as well as a periodization of its clinical course, has been developed. The possibilities of modern neuroimaging technologies for recognizing and investigating the pathogenesis of consequences and complications of traumatic brain injury are revealed. Special attention is paid to reconstructive and minimally invasive surgery, and the method of computer modeling and subsequent stereolithographic laser reproduction of full-scale copies of the skull, its defects and implants is described in detail, which is especially important for extensive and complex craniobasal and craniofacial injuries. The differentiated use of intracranial and эндоназальныхendonasal approaches for closing chronic CSF fistulas is justified. Together with the method of endovascular reconstruction of main vessels using balloon catheters developed by F. A. Serbinenko for the first time at the N. N. Burdenko Research Institute of Neurosurgery, new approaches based on modern technologies using stents, microspirals and embolizing compositions are presented.

This article provides information on the results of assessment of the morphological features of 3-month rats and morphological features due to a severe head of brain. Morphological analysis of rats of rats was conducted in the 1st, 3st and 7rd day after the brain injury.

The article below includes an overview of the current problem regarding the introduction of compounded products into the diet of athletes for rehabilitation and prophylaxis for injuries of the musculoskeletal system. Based on an analysis of WHO statistics, a description of the causes of the occurrence and spread of traumatic conditions of the musculoskeletal system in athletes is presented. Taking into account the features of the anatomy, histology and physiology of the osteochondral structures of athletes, it provided the opportunity to establish the dominant role of macro and micronutrients in functional nutrition and in the content of food additives intended for diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

Mandibular fractures represent one of the most common injuries of the maxillofacial region, accounting for 70% to 85% of all facial skeleton fractures according to various studies. The high frequency of this pathology is due to the anatomical features of the mandible, its mobility, and its prominent position in the facial skeleton, which makes it vulnerable to various traumatic impacts. The social significance of the problem is determined by the predominant affliction of working-age individuals (20-40 years), which leads to significant economic losses associated with temporary disability and treatment costs.

Ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) является отличным экономически эффективным методом визуализации периферических нервов. С помощью новых высокочастотных датчиков с различной площадью охвата, которые позволяют получать изображения с высоким разрешением в относительно поверхностном расположении, УЗИ может обнаруживать и оценивать травматические, воспалительные, инфекционные, неопластические и компрессионные патологии периферических нервов. В данной статье описывается методика оценки периферических нервов с помощью УЗИ в норме и при некоторқх патологиях.

В статье изложены научные аспекты челюстно-лицевой хирургии во всем мире, изложены аспекты сочетанной черепно-мозговой травмы. А также современные методы хирургического лечения сочетанной челюстно-лицевой травмы. Дифференцированный подход в лечение сочетанной челюстно-лицевой травмы. Оценка качество жизни и болевого синдрома с помощью опросников. Определение эффективности хирургического лечения и влияние на качество жизни пациентов.

Stomatologik amaliyotda biz ko'pchilik bolalar bilan hamkorlik qilmasdan stomatologik muolajalar qilinayotganiligiga duch kelamiz. Ba'zida bolalarni stomatologik klinikasida boshqarish juda qiyin bo'ladi. Ushbu boshqaruv qiyinchiliklari nafaqat  davolash muolajalari, balki bolaning turli xil hissiy buzilishlari bilan ham bog'liq. Tishlarni davolash paytida eng ko'p uchraydigan hissiy buzilishlar stomatologiya xonasidagi oldingi travmatik hissi yoki boshqa sabablarga ko'ra kasalxonaga yotqizish paytida paydo bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan tashvish va qo'rquvdir[1].

Tracheal intubation in children with a clinic of increasing obstruction of the upper respiratory tract is a forced, often resuscitation measure to prevent asphyxia. This option of restoring the patency of the upper respiratory tract of children with acute stenosing laryngotracheitis (OSLT) has a number of advantages over tracheostomy (less traumatic, simplicity and greater efficiency), but it is not without significant drawbacks.

Facial nerve neuropathy is a common neurological condition characterized by unilateral weakening or complete lack of function of facial muscles due to damage to the VII cranial nerve. The incidence is approximately 20-30 cases per 100,000 population annually, and pathology can affect people of any age, significantly limiting their social activity and negatively affecting their psycho-emotional state. The idiopathic form (Bell's palsy) dominates the morbidity structure, accounting for approximately 70% of all diagnosed cases, while the remaining 30% are caused by traumatic injuries, infectious processes, neoplasms and metabolic disorders.

В статье изложены научные аспекты челюстно-лицевой хирургии во всем мире, изложены аспекты сочетанной черепно-мозговой травмы. А также современные методы хирургического лечения сочетанной челюстно-лицевой травмы. Дифференцированный подход в лечение сочетанной челюстно-лицевой травмы. Оценка качество жизни и болевого синдрома с помощью опросников. Определение эффективности хирургического лечения и влияние на качество жизни пациентов.

Глубинно расположенные опухоли головного мозга у детей представляют собой уникальную нейрохирургическую проблему, поскольку они часто окружены функционально значимыми структурами. Минимально инвазивные хирургические методы резекции по-прежнему представляют собой сложную микрохирургическую проблему. На сегодняшний день предпринимаются попытки оптимизации малотравматичных вариантов хирургических доступов с оптимальным углом хирургического воздействия для максимально возможного радикального удаления этих опухолей и, соответственно, получения успешных послеоперационных результатов. Данная статья представляет собой обзор литературы посвященной оптимизации хирургического доступа глубинных опухолей у детей.

The traumatic effects of the retraction procedure only occur when the marginal gingival structure is not taken into consideration and retraction agents are not individually selected. Consequently, any manipulation of the marginal gingiva during prosthodontics must be performed with the utmost care to avoid an unpredictable marginal periodontal reaction. The problem of marginal gingiva protection is very topical. The influence of the retraction procedure on the marginal periodontal tissues with different gingival biotypes, the effect of hemostatic agents and the design of retraction sutures remain insufficiently studied.