The paper presents foreign experience in the use of high–strength expanded clay concrete in bridge structures, sets the average density ranges according to the European standard EN 206-1 for structural lightweight concrete, world experience in the development of lightweight concretes with increased strength and prospects for the development of high-strength lightweight concrete, the benefits of using lightweight concrete in bridge construction, a tendency to increase the proportion of structural lightweight concrete with a strength of 45 - 70 MPa in bridge construction. Based on the analysis and generalization of a number of experimental and theoretical studies conducted by us and various authors devoted to the complex application of structural expanded clay concrete instead of equal-strength heavy concrete on natural dense aggregates, the advantages of structural expanded clay concrete of both technological and constructive nature are presented.

Bugungi globallashuv sharoitida davlat boshqaruvi tizimining samaradorligini oshirish uchun ilg‘or mamlakatlarning tajribalarini o‘rganish muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Maqolada AQSh, Yevropa va Osiyo mamlakatlarining davlat boshqaruvi kadrlarini tayyorlashdagi yondashuvlari o‘rganilib, ularning O‘zbekiston sharoitida qo‘llash imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi sharoitida xorijiy tajribalardan foydalanish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqilib, davlat xizmatchilarining malakasini oshirish, korrupsiyaga qarshi kurashish va boshqaruv tizimining samaradorligini oshirish bo‘yicha takliflar ilgari surilgan. Elektron hukumat tizimini joriy qilish, raqamli texnologiyalardan foydalanish va xalqaro tajriba almashinuv dasturlarini kengaytirish kabi masalalar yoritilgan. Xulosa qismida esa O‘zbekistonning davlat boshqaruvi tizimini takomillashtirish bo‘yicha istiqbolli yo‘nalishlar belgilangan.

This article discusses the significance and application of clustering analysis in categorizing symptoms and clinical signs in clinical medicine. The authors present findings from studies conducted based on experience, demonstrating the success of clustering methods in diagnosing and treating various conditions. Through an analysis of the effectiveness and prospects of such methods, the article draws conclusions about their significant contribution to modern clinical medicine.

Халқаро муносабатларнинг ривожланиши, жаҳондаги глобаллашув жараёнлари халқаро ҳуқуқ ва чет эл ҳуқуқи нормалари турли мамлакатларда ҳуқуқни қўллаш жараёнларида, жумладан судлар томонидан қўлланилишини тақазо этмоқда. Шу ўринда турли миллий ва халқаро аҳамиятли низолар юзага келишида ва уларни ҳал этишда халқаро ҳуқуқ ва чет эл ҳуқуқи нормаларини қўллаш доирасида бир қатор амалий муаммоларни келиб чиқмоқда. Миллий суд статистикасига асосан охирги уч йилда иқтисодий судлар томонидан халқаро ҳуқуқ нормалари фақат хорижий суд ва халқаро арбитраж қарорларини тан олиш ва ижро этишда, чет эл элементи билан мураккаблашган ишларда эса чет эл ҳуқуқини қўллаш ҳолати фақат иккита иш юзасидан қўлланилганлиги маълум бўлди. Ушбу кўрсаткичлар мазкур масалаларнинг миллий қонунчилик ва суд амалиёти доирасида етарлича эътиборга олинмаслиги ҳамда тадқиқ этишда долзарблигини намоён қилади.

This article explores the importance of developing online virtual laboratories and a mobile application to enhance the learning experience of secondary school students studying physics. We discuss the implementation of these technologies, and their proposed structure, and offer suggestions for their use. The need for virtual laboratories and mobile applications is increasingly evident as traditional educational methods struggle to keep up with the demands of modern students.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the drug "Reomannisol" in patients with injuries of different etiology on the activity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the state of antioxidant system (AOS). The study was conducted in the surgical intensive care unit of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics (RSSPMCTO). The obtained data show that the investigated preparation has a pronounced antioxidant effect, increases the activity of AOS enzymes, thus stabilizing biomembranes. Application of the preparation "Reomannisol" effectively restored hemodynamic physiological and blood biochemical analysis indices in clinical application in patients with various types of musculoskeletal traumas, in hemorrhagic shock, as well as effectively reduced the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes, increased the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes and by its activity is not inferior to the preparation "Rheosorbilact".

This article analyzes the system of punishment in the form of restriction of liberty applied in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article compares the international experience of punishment in the form of restriction of liberty in such countries as Britain and Germany, and also discusses the features of this punishment within the framework of the Criminal Code and the Criminal Executive Code of Uzbekistan, the procedure for its application, and the conditions for convicted persons. The role of punishment in the form of restriction of liberty in ensuring the security of society, its application based on the principles of reintegration of the individual into society and an individual approach is indicated.

This dual education in the article system sewing in the direction of application analysis Dual education​ theoretical knowledge practice with harmony​ through students professional skill to increase service This will do . of the system main advantages as practical experience increase, modern technologies mastery​ and to work location of possibilities increase record Also, resources​​ lack of organization problems and qualified of the students enough not being such as see the shortcomings too is issued. Tailoring dual education in the field system development personnel preparation quality in increasing important importance profession will reach.

Modeling is an essential tool in modern education, allowing students to develop research skills by analyzing, simulating, and predicting real-world processes. This paper explores ways to improve the methodology of using modeling in education to enhance students’ research experience. It discusses the role of modeling in problem-solving, critical thinking, and knowledge application, while also addressing challenges such as the selection of appropriate models and the integration of digital tools. The study highlights practical strategies for incorporating modeling into the curriculum to foster students' analytical and investigative abilities.

Гистероскопия является одним из ключевых методов диагностики внутриматочной патологии, однако интерпретация гистероскопической картины в значительной степени зависит от субъективного опыта врача и качества визуализации, что обусловливает вариабельность диагностических заключений и риск ошибок. В последние годы искусственный интеллект рассматривается как перспективный инструмент повышения объективности и воспроизводимости визуальной диагностики в эндоскопии. В статье представлен анализ современного состояния исследований, посвящённых применению искусственного интеллекта в гистероскопии, с акцентом на переход от субъективной визуальной оценки к объективной диагностике. Рассмотрены основные направления развития искусственного интеллекта в эндоскопии, достигнутые результаты и существующие ограничения, а также опыт применения аналогичных технологий в смежных областях медицины. Отдельное внимание уделено текущему состоянию исследований в странах СНГ и Республике Узбекистан, а также возможностям, открывающимся в условиях проводимых государственных реформ и цифровизации системы здравоохранения. Показано, что внедрение алгоритмов искусственного интеллекта в гистероскопическую практику обладает значительным потенциалом для повышения точности диагностики, снижения межнаблюдательной вариабельности и стандартизации интерпретации гистероскопического видеосигнала, что обосновывает целесообразность дальнейших исследований в данном направлении

Ушбу мақолада бугунги глобаллашув жараёнларида дунё аҳолисига хавф солаётган хатарлар, ишлаб чиқариш жараёнлари тобора ривожланаётган бир пайтда яшил иқтисодиётнинг ўрни ва аҳамияти, яшил иқтисодиёт соҳасининг иқтисодиётга тадбиқ этилиши, халқаро тажрибада яшил иқтисодиётни ривожлантириш ва самарали фойдаланиш мақсадида ESG тамойилларининг жорий этилиши, НКМК фаолиятида ESG тамойилларининг амалиётга кенг жорий қилиниши бўйича амалга оширилаётган чора-тадбирлар таҳлил қилинади.

Genital herpes (GH) is one of the most socially significant problems in the clinical practice of dermatovenerologists, obstetricians, gynecologists, urologists. The number of patients with GH has increased by 30% over the past 10 years. The main role in the etiology of HSV belongs to HSV type 2 (HSV-2), but the pathogens of this pathology can become both HSV type 1 (HSV–1) and a combination of both types of herpes simplex virus. The prevalence of HSV-2 infection in the population ranges from 7 to 40% and averages 20%

Ensuring continuity and continuity on the basis of transformation of the educational process of Informatics and information technology science requires students to prepare for practice through technological tools and programs, develop critical thinking and discussion skills, develop innovative ideas, allow you to set personal study plans, and use new methods and methods. It is also necessary for students to learn how to work cooperatively, which allows them to develop their community experience, exchange ideas and increase creativity. Based on this, this article discusses the basics of ensuring continuity and integrity on the basis of transformation of the process of teaching Informatics and Information Technology.

This article examines the integration of electronic payment systems (EPS) and financial services, highlighting international experiences and their application in Uzbekistan. The study focuses on the role of digital transformation in improving financial inclusion, transparency, and efficiency within the financial sector. Comparative analysis of developed and developing countries’ practices provides insights into the potential for further advancement of Uzbekistan’s electronic payment infrastructure.

Ушбу мақолада оммавий тартибсизликлар ва террористик акт содир этилиб фавқулодда ҳолат эълон қилинганда жамоат хавфсизлиги ва жамоат тартибини сақлашнинг муҳим масалалари, бундай вазиятларда  инсон ҳуқуқ ва эркинликларини чеклашнинг халқаро ҳуқуқий ҳужжатларда ва миллий қонунчиликжда белгиланган асослари ва уларни қўллаш механизмларини ўзига хос хуссусиятлари тўғрисида мунозара юритилган.

The basis of improving of education system in our republic is the transformation of the essence of the education system, also its formation on the basis of assimilation and application of progressive experience of developed countries, the usage of effective methods and new pedagogical technologies. One of such modernized foreign technologies is credit-modular system. Credit–modular training system is such an organization of the educational process which is based on the combination of modular training technologies and credit educational units (credits).

The article examines the current challenges of digital development in Uzbekistan and highlights key weaknesses in the country’s digitalization process. Particular  attention is given to the application of international best practices (Singapore, Estonia, South Korea) in building an effective digital transformation. Based on a comparative analysis, specific recommendations are proposed to address the identified issues in the context of Uzbekistan.

Creativity is one of the most valued learning skills in the 21st century. It is important to develop creativity in order to achieve an effective and high level of education. As different approaches to its study, creativity has been defined as a result, as a process, as a construction arising from the influence of context and experience, and as a personal feature of human nature. The purpose of this contribution is to explain the study of creativity in order to gain an understanding of such a construction based on the approaches mentioned above. In addition, the main focus is on the development and application of creative strategies in the teaching and learning process, from the impact, to the development of creativity from an educational approach. A brief description of the most important or relevant strategies found in the literature emphasizes the inclusion of these strategies in the problem-solving process.

Stochastic programming has emerged lately as an advanced mathematical method to develop a decision-making process under uncertainty. This work investigates its use in enhancing Multi-Factor Authentication systems by establishing a probability- maximized framework for dynamic authentication processes in real time. Tra- ditional MFA methods, though effective in reducing the risks of compromised credentials, usually have problems with user friction, lack of adaptability, and are vulnerable against advanced threats, including phishing and social engineer- ing. We propose a dynamic approach where stochastic models are integrated into MFA to adjust the authentication requirements based on real-time risk eval- uations and user behavior for better security and user experience.

This article analyzes the prospects of improving the ways of administrative legal regulation and implementation of the activities of executive authorities. In addition, the article examines the experience of foreign countries in terms of executive authorities, and offers recommendations on the application of their positive aspects to the national legal system and the prospects for improving the activities of these bodies.

This paper explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can be applied to enhance user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) design in web applications. By analyzing real-time user interaction data such as mouse movements, click patterns, and session time, machine learning models identify usability issues and recommend interface improvements. The study compares traditional heuristic evaluation with AI-driven approaches and demonstrates how data-informed UX redesigns significantly improve engagement metrics. Experimental results suggest that AI integration leads to reduced bounce rates and more efficient user navigation, validating its role in next-generation UX design workflows.

This article is devoted to considering the application of ethnographic approaches in teaching culture and language, highlighting the importance of understanding cultural contexts and social dynamics in the language learning process. The study utilizes qualitative and secondary data analysis methods, examining various existing scientific research to provide insights into how ethnography can enhance language instruction. By integrating ethnographic techniques, educators can foster a more contextually relevant language learning experience that goes beyond grammar and vocabulary to include cultural norms, values, and practices.

This paper explores the significance of fostering legal competence among students as a foundational component of civic education. The research highlights international best practices and Uzbekistan’s national experience in developing students’ legal awareness, understanding, and application of the law. Special emphasis is placed on the role of schools and educators in shaping a legally literate generation capable of active participation in a democratic society.

Nowadays, interest and attention to the application of innovative technologies in the educational process is intensifying and one of the reasons for this that, in the current educational system, modern technology will help them to search for their knowledge, to independently analyze, and even make conclusions.

Genital herpes (GH) is one of the most socially significant problems in the clinical practice of dermatovenerologists, obstetricians, gynecologists, urologists. The number of patients with GH has increased by 30% over the past 10 years. The main role in the etiology of HSV belongs to HSV type 2 (HSV-2), but the pathogens of this pathology can become both HSV type 1 (HSV–1) and a combination of both types of herpes simplex virus. The prevalence of HSV-2 infection in the population ranges from 7 to 40% and averages 20%