We studied the composition of weeds on the field of late eggplant in Kibray district of Tashkent region. It was defined the types of dominant weeds, the graduation of pollution and quantities for a square meter the land. It was given the local and Latin names of the types of weeds. There were showen the most common types of weeds. It has been stated that widespread use of crop rotation in the vegetable sector poses certain difficulties in identifying weeds specific to each crop.

Currently, more and more people are growing heat-loving plants in their personal subsidiary plots, using hotbeds and greenhouses. Thanks to this, they have the opportunity to try out new varieties and hybrids of crops and get considerable economic benefits. At the same time, it must be remembered that plants require not only a certain temperature regime and watering, but also the qualitative composition of the soil, rich in nutrients and with the desired indicator of soil acidity. The soil in the greenhouse is determined by the properties of the natural soils of the area. As a result, the article presents the investigation of agrochemical composition of greenhouse soils.

Basalt fiber-reinforced concrete compositions were prepared based on 400-brand Portland cement of the Ohangaron cement plant, quartz sand and local produced basalt fibers of 5-15 mm long. As pozzolan additive local microsilica was used to bind portlandite, which was formed as a result of the hardening of the concrete composition and had a negative effect on the properties of the fiber. Comparing the mechanical strength of 7, 14 and 28 days of concrete samples with 5,10 and 15 mm long basalt fiber addition, a 3% basalt fiber (10 mm long) containing concrete composition was chosen as the optimal composition due to sharp and sustainable increase in the mechanical strength.

A rational composition and production technology of the biologically active supplement (BAS) in the form of “GEPAGAL” capsules, based on a dry extract with hepatoprotective properties, have been developed. Quality indicators (appearance, authenticity, average mass and its deviation, disintegration) were determined in accordance with the current regulatory documentation (RD). The results obtained confirmed the feasibility of the chosen composition and technology.

Study of the elemental composition of Luffa echinata Roxb. fruits using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry The elemental composition of Luffa echinata Roxb. fruits was studied using the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Avio-200 ICP-OES) method. As a result of the conducted studies, macroelements (K, Ca, P, Na, Mg) and microelements (Fe, Al, Si, Li, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mo, Ba, Sr, B, Mn, Ni, V, Cr, Co, Se, S) were identified in the studied raw material types, of which 10 are considered essential (K, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Mn).

For the first time, on the basis of local raw materials, the technological properties of the active substance were studied using the methods and tools presented in the literature in order to develop the scientifically based moderate composition and technology of the antiviral tablet "Rometin". The conducted experiments serve to theoretically justify the selection of appropriate tablet preparation technology and the type and quantity of auxiliary substances that should be added to the tablet composition. Based on the results of scientific research, the scientifically based composition and technology of "Rometin" tablet was developed.

This article delves into the nuanced transformations in bone composition between children and adolescents, examining the dynamic processes that underlie skeletal development. It explores the pivotal role of the growth plate in childhood bone formation, the mineralization dynamics involving calcium and phosphorus, and the shift towards bone remodeling during adolescence. Hormonal influences, particularly during puberty, and the attainment of peak bone mass are discussed, shedding light on the critical milestones in bone development. Lifestyle factors, including nutrition and physical activity, are highlighted, and the clinical implications of understanding these differences are addressed, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and optimizing bone health during these formative stages.

Essential oils are a good source of several bioactive compounds with antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. In this work, we obtained the EO of lavender grown in an experimental plot in Dushanbe. The chemical composition of the oil, which contains 64 components, was studied using GC-MS. This oil contains manly linalol (33.27%) and linalyl acetate (21.01%); the content of other significant essential oils is terpene-4-ol (6.89%); eucalyptol (1.88%), trans-β-ocene (2.24%); lavandulol (4.91%); caryophyllene (1.81%). The resulting lavender essential oil exhibits antioxidant activity when diluted 1:10 and 1:50 times.

the article considers the composition of waste of a copper processing plant, waste of a copper processing plant in recent years has occupied several hectares of land, at the same time the quantitative composition of valuable elements and components increases. For the extraction of iron, the composition of chemical iron-containing elements was studied, it was determined that the tailings contain iron metasilicate (II) (FeSiO₃), experiments were conducted to reduce iron and thermodynamic processes and reaction kinetics were studied.

This article examines effective means of incorporating instructional strategies in a composition class, emphasizing process-based writing, genre awareness, authentic materials, differentiated instruction, technological integration, and contextualized language teaching. The study highlights how these approaches enhance students’ writing skills, engagement, creativity, and critical thinking. Through a descriptive and analytical methodology, the article explores classroom practices, student responses, and the overall impact of diverse pedagogical techniques. The findings demonstrate that a holistic and student-centered approach fosters improved coherence, organization, and confidence in learners’ writing performance.

This article provides information on the types of patterns , what colors and signs mean and the composition of the pattern

This article deeply studies the typology and classification of rural schools in the conditions of Uzbekistan, emphasizing such factors as the class complex, demographic composition, educational programs and architectural aspects. It discusses the importance of the composition of students and parents in the typification of the school, the design of educational complexes based on climatic and seismic conditions, and the use of elements of traditional Uzbek architecture in aesthetic appearance. The capacity and structure of general secondary schools is presented, with a focus on the 11-year core school model and optimal class sizes based on enrollment. The article discusses the importance of demographic analysis in determining school network placement and the need to ensure student access, especially in rural areas.

This article presents the results of research aimed at selecting the optimal composition and developing the technology of capsules based on dry extract obtained from walnut leaves. For this purpose, encapsulated masses were prepared using widely used fillers and moisturizing agents, and their pharmaco-technological indicators were evaluated. As a result, it was established that the most optimal filler for a biologically active additive in the form of a capsule containing a dry extract of walnuts as an active substance is a 1:1 ratio of microcrystalline cellulose and aerosil, a moisturizing agent is a 10% starch solution. Based on this composition, the technology of capsules based on dry walnut extract was developed.

In recent years, the demand for medicinal plant raw materials in the production of pharmaceuticals, therapeutic cosmetics, and biologically active supplements (BAS) has significantly increased. Compared with synthetic analogues, herbal-based products have notable advantages, including a wide spectrum of therapeutic effects and reduced risk of adverse reactions. In this context, the hepatoprotective dry extract “GEPAGAL” was developed at the Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute. The aim of this study was to optimize the composition of “GEPAGAL” capsules and improve their manufacturing technology to ensure quality, safety, and therapeutic efficiency.

The paper presents a technology for producing Idenol tablets based on dry extracts of raspberry leaves, currant leaves, licorice root and rose hips. The excipients used were 70% ethyl alcohol as a binding component, MCC as a filler and anti-hygroscopic agent, and sodium starch glycolate as a disintegrant to improve tablet disintegration. In this scientific work, a wet granulation method was used with a combination of several methods. The resulting tablets were tested for compliance with the required parameters, and the most suitable composition was selecte.

To develop a parapharmaceutical agent of the Mavstat dental gel, a liquid extract obtained from a collection containing bird's knotweed, pepper knotweed and dioecious nettle was used, proposed by scientists of the Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Ph.D., Associate Professor A.N. Yunuskhodzhaeva et al. as a hemostatic and anti-inflammatory agent [1].

Multimodal composition has become more important in language education, especially in writing and speaking. This study explores how integrating multimodal elements (such as visuals, audio, and digital tools) into process-based language instruction can support learners’ communication skills. Based on recent literature, the study argues that multimodal tasks enhance engagement, help learners organize their thoughts, and improve both language accuracy and creativity. It also discusses challenges teachers face and gives suggestions for practical classroom application

The article discusses the composition and physical and chemical properties of phospholipids and the study of the chemical composition of phospholipids. It also discusses the development of methods for identifying and establishing the chemical composition of phospholipids.

The article analyzes the composition of species, leading groups, spectrum of families, and taxonomic composition of fish included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan in Bukhara region and adjacent water basins. In Bukhara region and adjacent water basins, 2 groups, 3 families, and 9 species of  2 large groups of fish included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan were found. Fish included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan is one of the most important objects of biological diversity. Various biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors have a negative effect on fish included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Research and research work was carried out on the production of corrosion-detergents and anti-rust agents to replace imports against corrosion on the basis of organic and inorganic raw materials in Uzbekistan. The optimal conditions for obtaining corrosion modifiers were studied. The chemical composition, properties, and mechanism of the effect on the corrosion rate in different environments of the synthesized optimum composition were studied.

Phytotherapy remains a promising field of modern medicine due to its accessibility, safety, and broad spectrum of biological activity. The present study examines the pharmacological potential of two medicinal plants—anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra). The botanical characteristics, chemical composition, and therapeutic properties of these plants were analyzed based on experimental and literature data. The results demonstrate that both plants possess pronounced anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, expectorant, detoxifying, and regenerative effects. Their biologically active compounds contribute to the regulation of metabolic and physiological processes, strengthening of the immune system, and restoration of cellular functions. The findings confirm the high therapeutic value of anise hyssop and licorice and support their use in complex therapy and preventive phytomedicine.

This article examines the retrospective plot as a narrative device in prose, focusing on its structural and psychological functions. Retrospection allows authors to reconstruct the past, reveal the inner world of characters, and establish a deeper connection between temporal layers of the narrative. The study explores how the use of flashbacks and memory sequences contributes to the unity of composition, character development, and the reader’s perception of time. Special attention is given to the role of retrospection in shaping the artistic integrity and emotional depth of modern prose.

This article presents the results of research aimed at selecting the optimal composition and developing the technology of nevirapine capsules with antiretroviral action. For this purpose, model capsules were developed using various fillers and auxiliary substances acting as disintegrators, and they were evaluated based on pharmaco-technological indicators. It has been proven that it is advisable to use a mixture of lactose and microcrystalline cellulose, a mixture of crospovidone and aerosil as a filler, an antifriction agent - magnesium stearate, and a moisturizing agent - purified water. Based on the selected composition, the technology of nevirapine capsules was developed and tested in industrial conditions at the local pharmaceutical manufacturer JV LLC “Samarkand-England Eco-Medical”.

This article gives a clear concept of cumulative fairy tales, their composition, and examples in different writers’ collections with different styles and periods. Moreover, different views on the principles of cumulation have been given.

This article presents the results of studying the qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids in the aerial parts of dyestuff safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) grown in Uzbekistan. The analysis revealed the presence of 20 amino acids in the raw material, 10 of which are essential amino acids. Considering the diversity and relatively high content of amino acids, the aerial parts of this annual plant can be recommended as a natural source that exerts a complex effect on the body, contributing to the normalization of the functioning of multiple physiological systems.