Dunyoda bo‘layotgan siyosiy jarayonlarni o‘rganar ekanmiz muayyan mintaqalada hali hamon qurolli to‘qnashuvlar bo‘layotganligiga guvoh bo‘lamiz. Ulardan eng yirigi va dolzarb sanalgan Ukraina va Rossiya o‘rtasidagi urush hiosblanadi. 2022-yil fevral oyida boshlangan ushbu urush dunyoning geosiyosiy, xavfsizlik va iqtisodiy jihatlarni tubdan o‘zgartirdi. Shuning uchun urushning xalqaro siyosat, xavfsizlik va iqtisodiyotga ta’sirini chuqur tahlil qilish talab etiladi. Xalqaro siyosat nuqtai-nazaridan, urush global kuchlar tengligini o‘zgartirib, yangi alyanslar va siyosiy qarama-qarshiliklarni keltirib chiqardi. NATO va Yevropa Ittifoqi kabi tashkilotlarining Ukraina bilan hamkorlikni kuchaytirishi va Rossiyaga qarshi sanksiyalar joriy etilishi urushning asosiy diplomatic oqibatlari sifatida ko‘rindi. Ushbu urush nafaqat Ukraina va Rossiya, balki butun dunyo uchun yangi xavf va muammolarni keltirib chiqardi.

This information was more important than ever in the 1900s. Unfamiliar infectious diseases can be imported into industrialized countries due to population migration and low flight prices. The industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century increased the proportion of women in the workforce. This increased further after World War II, which led to an increase in the number of women in the workforce. Their participation in the labor force has influenced the structure of families, so today they are more inclined to the structure of nuclear families than to large families who have assumed responsibility for caring for children whose parents are absent.The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome, first discovered in 2003, is an example of this. Despite modern technology and significant financial investments, it took several months to identify the pathogen, create diagnostic testing, and develop a disease reporting and isolation plan. The control and prevention of infectious diseases depend on understanding the sources of transmission. This article summarizes the basic principles of transmission of infectious diseases, as well as highlights the numerous factors that determine the causative agent, host and environment of these diseases. These factors are of particular importance for medical professionals. In addition, the basic principles of prevention, diagnosis and control of infectious diseases will be considered.

This article discusses the war in Afghanistan and this war's influences on the US Foreign Policy in Central Asia namely in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. How the war started? What were the reasons for this bloody war? Moreover, this article discusses US Foreign Policy in the area of Afghanistan before the war and after. It also highlights the US Foreign Policy transformation in Central Asia due to this war in Afghanistan.  

“Between two doors” is one of the greatest novel in Uzbek literature, it narrates about life of Uzbek nation in the years of second World War  and after that. In novel unforgettable characters' lives are described, the difficulties they had gone through and catastrophes of the war. Due to great skill of the writer all the happenings in the book seem real. The main reason why it is named "Between two doors" is it is about the path that people go through from birth to death.  

Ikkinchi Jahon urushi insoniyat tarixidagi eng qiyin va og'ir davrlardan biri bo'lib, bu urushda millionlab odamlar, jumladan, O'zbekiston xotin-qizlari ham o'z jasoratlari va fidokorliklari bilan ajralib turdilar. O'zbekiston, urush davrida front ortida muhim rol o'ynagan, ko'plab xotin-qizlar esa o'z vatanini himoya qilishda faol ishtirok etganlar. Ushbu maqolada ikkinchi jahon urishida O'zbekiston xotin qizlarining frontda va front ortida ko'rsatgan  jasoratlari haqida ma'lumotlar berilgan.

This article is about initial period of Alice Malsenior Walker’s life and her works that have great importance in American literature. Also this paper is intended to inform basic facts about her status, activism and great contribution in the society of America. A Century before, women started to think about the importance of their roles in society. In all over the world and by all the means, women wanted to change their situation or traditional place in the society this lead to series of strikes marches that aimed to prove their equality to men. During the first and second world war, woman participation in the society emerged because she replaced man who went to the war inside and outside the house.

This article is about the lyrical novel of «The Kindness of Enemies» by Leila Aboulela. Mainly,  in the article mentioned itspublished dates,  reviews of the book. Also, it is described the life of Muslims in that centuries,   events that happened during the Caucasian War.

This article critically examines Samuel Huntington's controversial theory of the "Clash of Civilizations" and its contemporary relevance in understanding global conflicts and tensions. Huntington's premise, introduced in 1993, proposed that the post-Cold War era would be characterized by conflicts arising from cultural and religious differences between civilizations, rather than ideological divisions. Through a comprehensive analysis of Huntington's seminal work, this paper explores the core arguments, assumptions, and implications of his theory. It investigates Huntington's assertion that the West's dominance is waning, and the rise of non-Western civilizations, particularly the Islamic world, will lead to inevitable clashes and competition for power and resources. The article delves into the ongoing debates surrounding Huntington's ideas, examining both the support and criticism it has garnered from scholars and political analysts. It critically assesses the theory's explanatory power in the context of contemporary global events, such as the rise of religious extremism, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the tensions between the West and the Islamic world. By synthesizing diverse perspectives and drawing upon historical evidence and empirical data, the paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the strengths and limitations of Huntington's theory. It evaluates the extent to which the "Clash of Civilizations" framework remains relevant in the 21st century and offers insights into alternative approaches to addressing cultural conflicts and promoting dialogue and understanding between civilizations. Overall, this article contributes to the ongoing scholarly discourse on Huntington's influential work, offering a critical analysis of its contemporary applicability and implications for global security, international relations, and intercultural harmony.

The following article is about the novel “Sea Prayer God” by Khaled Hossieni and analyzes the main features of the novel. The writer’s writing style, the usage of words and the current affairs of the world are investigated. Besides,several symbols that are used in the novel are classified and defined in the following.

This article Today, the ideological landscape of the world is becoming very complicated, and it has become clear that the best way to have a strong influence in it is to occupy the position of a major information distributor, regardless of the amount of money required. It is not difficult for even ordinary people to notice that there is an "information war" going on in the world. For example, let's say that brochures and films glorifying the lifestyle and value system of a foreign country are being distributed. Naturally, such information has an impact on the formation of a certain social opinion in society.

This article was written using the letters received by the citizens of the newspapers, kept in the National Archives of Uzbekistan

В данной статье рассматривается зарождение детской литературы, а также возникновение детской литературы в Англии, а также историческое развитие и новый этап после второй мировой войны, а также вклад в развитие мировой детской литературы на конкретных примерах.

This article is about the main idea of ​​ A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khalid Hosseini. There are many difficult issues presented in the text, such as war, rape, and domestic abuse, but these can be addressed in a meaningful manner as they appear in the text.  The novel provides significant insight into the history and development of Afghanistan and provides a unique insight into the lives of women living in Afghanistan.  This novel is highly recommended for individual or classroom reading.

The following article is about the novel "A Thousand Splendid Suns" by Khaled Hosseini and analyzes the main features of the novel. The writer's obsession with the right words, writing style and political problems are studied. In addition, several characters used in the novel are classified and described below.

This article outlines the scope of the Holocaust literature from its historical origins to contemporary times. It delves into the evolution of Holocaust literature, tracing its genesis from the immediate aftermath of World War II to its growth as a vital genre in contemporary world literature. The article begins by exploring the early accounts and testimonies of survivors, examining how individuals grappled with the trauma of genocide and sought to bear witness through written narratives. Moreover, it highlights key themes and considerations in Holocaust literature.

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses found abundantly in the environment and have the ability to infect, replicate within, and ultimately destroy bacteria in a highly specific manner during their lytic phase. Unlike antibiotics, phages have a much narrower host range, making them a promising supplement or even alternative to antibiotic therapy, particularly when combating multiple drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, where antibiotics often fail. The concept of bacteriophage therapy is not new. In fact, bacteriophages were first identified in the early 20th century, with Felix d'Herelle pioneering their therapeutic use after British bacteriologist Frederick W. Twort first described bacterial lysis in 1915. The former Soviet Union consistently used phages to treat infections like gastrointestinal diseases and gas gangrene in soldiers. However, in the Western world, phage therapy fell out of favor following the discovery of penicillin after World War II.

The following article is about the short work “Sea Prayer” by Afghan-American writer Khaled Hosseini and analyze this form of letter in “Sea Prayer”. The usage words, styles, main ideas and illustrations are explored. The main topic is the form of letter from father to son and death a thousand of people in sea to find safe place. Also, the work based on Alan Kurdi who was 3-year-old child and his death. It is also a vivid portrait of their life in Homs, Syria.

Mazkur tezisda Xalqaro munosabatlar fonida yuzaga kelayotgan harbiy-siyosiy mojarolarning dunyo mamlakatlari tashqi siyosatiga qay darajada ta’sir ko‘rsatishi hamda kelajakda “Yangi urush”ning  yuzaga kelish ehtimoli tahliliy jihatdan o‘rganilgan holda, asosli tarzda bayon etilgan. Shuningdek, muallif tomonidan mintaqaviy mojarolarning kengayishining oqibati global urush xavfiga ta’sir ko‘rsatishi asos sifatida talqin etilgan.

В данной статье описывается объем литературы о Холокосте от его исторических корней до современности. В ней рассматривается эволюция литературы о Холокосте, прослеживая ее начало сразу после Второй мировой войны и ее развитие как важного жанра в современной мировой литературе. Статья начинается с изучения ранних отчетов и свидетельств выживших, исследуя, как люди справлялись с травмой геноцида и стремились стать свидетелями через письменные повествования. Более того, она подчеркивает ключевые темы и аспекты в литературе о Холокосте.

Galich is a pen name, an abbreviation of his last name, first name, and patronymic: Ginzburg Alexander Arkadievich. He was born on 19 October 1918 in Ekaterinoslav (then Dnipropetrovsk and now Dnipro), Ukraine, into a family of Jewish intellectuals. His father, Aron Samoilovich Ginzburg, was an economist, and his mother, Fanni Borisovna Veksler, worked in a music conservatory. For most of his childhood he lived in Sevastopol. Before World War II, he entered the Gorky Literary Institute, then moved to Konstantin Stanislavski's Operatic-Dramatic Studio, and then to the Studio-Theatre of Alexei Arbuzov and Valentin Pluchek