Mazkur maqolada leksik birliklar o‘rtasidagi munosabatlar, jumladan, giponimiya, sinonimiya va qarama-qarshilik tahlil qilinadi va shu bilan birgalikda maydonlar va komponentli tahlil usullari orqali tilning leksik strukturasi va semantik aloqalari ochib beriladi.

The article deals with the multifaceted challenges encountered during the process of translation, with a specific focus on lexical semantic features. It examines the complexities inherent in transferring meaning between languages and explores various translation problems that arise due to differences in lexical semantics. The article discusses the significance of lexical semantics in translation, highlighting how variations in word meanings, connotations, and cultural associations pose significant hurdles for translators. It addresses common issues such as lexical ambiguity, polysemy, idiomatic expressions, and cultural nuances, which often require careful consideration and strategic decision-making to ensure accurate and contextually appropriate translation.Начало формы

Mazkur maqolada tilshunoslikda urf-odatlarni ifodalovchi leksik birliklarning leksikografik tahlili o‘rganilgan. Urf-odatlar va an'analar tilning muhim qismi bo‘lib, ular orqali xalqning madaniyati, tarixi va ijtimoiy qadriyatlari aks etadi. Maqolada bu leksik birliklar turli lug‘atlar, xususan, izohli, qiyosiy va etnolingvistik lug‘atlar asosida tahlil qilinib, ularning ma’no ko‘lamlari va foydalanish imkoniyatlari o‘rganiladi. Tadqiqot davomida urf-odat ifodalovchi leksik birliklarning leksik va semantik xususiyatlariga e’tibor qaratilgan, ular xalqning ijtimoiy-madaniy merosi bilan uzviy bog‘liq ekanligi ko‘rsatib berilgan.

This resource delves into the fascinating realm of secondary methods employed in the creation of words. While primary word formation involves the construction of words through prefixes, suffixes, and root words, secondary methods introduce alternative pathways for expanding a language's lexicon. The annotation explores various secondary techniques, including compounding, blending, acronym formation, and conversion.

Ushbu maqolada hajviy matnlarda fonetik, leksik va sintaktik vositalar orqali ekspressivlik yaratish masalasi o‘rganildi. Tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi hajviy matnlarda kulgi, istehzo va tanqidiy ohangni shakllantiruvchi lingvistik vositalarni aniqlash va ularning badiiy-estetik samaradorligini tahlil qilishdir. Maqolada fonetik qatlamdagi alliteratsiya, assonans, onomatopeya va intonatsiya; leksik qatlamdagi so‘z o‘yinlari, kinoya, ironiya, metafora va frazeologizmlarning ekspressiv funksiyalari; shuningdek, sintaktik qatlamdagi inversiya, ellipsis, takror, gradatsiya va dialoglarning hajviy effektini yaratishdagi roli batafsil tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqot natijalari fonetik, leksik va sintaktik vositalarning uyg‘un ishlashi orqali matnning kulgili-estetik ta’sirini maksimal darajada oshirishini ko‘rsatadi. Maqola zamonaviy o‘zbek adabiyotida hajviy janrni chuqurroq o‘rganish va psixolingvistik hamda kognitiv lingvistik tadqiqotlar uchun nazariy asos yaratadi

Lexical blending, a non-canonical yet increasingly prolific word formation process, occupies a significant role in the evolution of contemporary English. By integrating segments from two or more lexemes into a novel, semantically cohesive unit, blending serves as a locus of linguistic creativity and socio-cognitive relevance. This study investigates the morphological structures, phonological constraints, and semantic mechanisms underlying blend formation. It also explores the cognitive operations facilitating blend comprehension and the sociolinguistic contexts driving their proliferation. Drawing on recent examples from corpora and digital discourse, this paper demonstrates that lexical blending is not merely a peripheral phenomenon but a productive, rule-governed, and socially salient mechanism of neologism.

This article explores issues related to the phenomenon of lexical archaism and the linguistic interpretation of lexical archaisms of the Uzbek language, lexicographic description, semantic classification. Also described are archaism, lexeme archaism, semema archaism, historism, linguistic features within the framework of historical word concepts, commonalities and particularities in relations. Opinions were made on the types, classification of archaism, the causes and factors of their occurrence, methodological features.

This paper explores the lexical and semantic features of English-language advertising slogans, emphasizing their strategic role in effective marketing communication. By analyzing word choice, sound patterns, emotional appeals, and cultural references, the study illustrates how slogans are crafted to capture attention, enhance brand identity, and influence consumer behavior. Lexical elements such as simplicity, alliteration, neologisms, and imperative forms contribute to memorability and engagement, while semantic strategies including metaphor, connotation, hyperbole, and ambiguity deepen the slogans' emotional and symbolic resonance. Through case studies of iconic slogans, the paper highlights the interplay between language and branding, suggesting that a nuanced understanding of linguistic techniques is essential for creating impactful advertising. Future research directions include cross-cultural comparisons to examine how these linguistic strategies vary in global markets.

Lexical meaning is not solely a reflection of referential content; it is deeply embedded in the cultural knowledge, cognitive categories, and social values of its speakers. This paper explores how lexical units encode culturally specific worldviews, and how cross-linguistic comparison reveals the profound interdependence of language and culture. Drawing on theoretical insights from Wilhelm von Humboldt, Edward Sapir, Benjamin Lee Whorf, and Anna Wierzbicka, as well as the contemporary framework of cultural linguistics, the study argues that words carry with them more than semantic denotation—they function as cultural signposts that transmit ethical systems, spatial cognition, kinship relations, and collective emotions

The article is devoted to the problem of usage and function of lexical stylistic devices in the works of Oscar Wilde. The aim of this article is to analyze and study the lexical stylistic devices in the literary works of Wilde. Moreover, to define both common and specific features and nature of lexical stylistic devices.

This paper investigates how gender influences the structure and dynamics of the mental lexicon, focusing on differences in associative semantic responses between male and female language users. Drawing from cognitive semantics, psycholinguistics, and gender studies, the study explores whether conceptual associations to the same lexical stimuli diverge systematically by gender, and what such divergences reveal about underlying mental representation. The research is grounded in theories of prototype semantics, frame theory, and connectionist models of lexical access, which posit that lexical meaning emerges through culturally and cognitively mediated networks of association.

The article defined the title of "System connections in the semantic structure of kitchen vocabulary" aims to compare and contrast the lexical units used in the English and Uzbek languages when referring to household items, objects and activities. The article starts with a brief introduction to the importance of studying lexical units and their role in language acquisition, communication, and culture. The lexical units are categorized into semantic fields such as furniture, kitchenware, cleaning tools, etc. For each semantic field, the article presents a list of lexical units in both languages and analyzes their similarities and differences in terms of form, meaning, and usage.

This article investigates the cultural and semantic aspects of lexical connotation in the Uzbek language, with an emphasis on how national mentality is encoded in everyday vocabulary. Unlike denotative meaning, which refers to objective reference, connotation evokes cultural assumptions, emotional responses, and moral evaluations deeply rooted in a speech community’s collective worldview. The study identifies a range of Uzbek lexical items—such as ko‘ngil, or, sabr, and dasturxon—whose meanings extend far beyond their literal content, embodying ethical, emotional, and social values. The analysis reveals how these words reflect cultural priorities in Uzbek society, such as respect, patience, shame-consciousness, and hospitality, and demonstrates the central role of connotation in maintaining the community’s moral and symbolic order.

In this article, the lexical and phraseological means of expression of the case category are revealed on the example of the French language. In particular, the differential and non-differential characteristics of the semantic relations between the word expressing the situation and the phraseological unit were analyzed, and as a result, the functional types of such lexical units were determined.

This article aims to objectively analyze how new lexical units are formed in the Uzbek language, the main sources and factors contributing to their emergence, and how they are represented in contemporary mass media. Factors Influencing the Formation of New Lexical Units.

This paper explores the lexical and semantic features of English-language advertising slogans, emphasizing their strategic role in effective marketing communication. By analyzing word choice, sound patterns, emotional appeals, and cultural references, the study illustrates how slogans are crafted to capture attention, enhance brand identity, and influence consumer behavior. Lexical elements such as simplicity, alliteration, neologisms, and imperative forms contribute to memorability and engagement, while semantic strategies including metaphor, connotation, hyperbole, and ambiguity deepen the slogans' emotional and symbolic resonance. Through case studies of iconic slogans, the paper highlights the interplay between language and branding, suggesting that a nuanced understanding of linguistic techniques is essential for creating impactful advertising. Future research directions include cross-cultural comparisons to examine how these linguistic strategies vary in global markets.

This article explores the theoretical and linguistic foundations of developing lexical competence through information technologies in the process of foreign language education. The study examines the concept of lexical competence, its structural components, stages of development, and its role within communicative competence. Special attention is paid to the linguistic and pedagogical potential of IT technologies such as mobile applications, digital corpora, electronic dictionaries, and online learning platforms in enhancing vocabulary acquisition. The article argues that the integration of IT technologies into lexical instruction promotes learner autonomy, contextualized vocabulary use, and sustainable language development.

This article explores the phenomenon of lexical borrowing from other languages, with a particular focus on the influence of English on various global languages such as Japanese, French, Arabic, and Spanish. It examines the process of borrowing, the types of borrowings (loanwords, calques, hybrid terms), and the socio-cultural implications for language evolution and identity. By analyzing specific case studies, the article sheds light on how languages adapt borrowed words, and discusses the broader implications for linguistic diversity in a globalized world. The study emphasizes the role of socio-economic factors and technological advances in driving lexical change, as well as the challenges posed by the dominance of a global language like English.

This article presents a methodology for enhancing the lexical competence of students in grades 10-11, focusing on Karakalpak groups, through the application of a communicative-cognitive approach. The study outlines key strategies for vocabulary acquisition and retention, emphasizing interactive and contextualized learning experiences. By integrating cognitive strategies and authentic assessments, educators can facilitate the development of lexical skills while promoting cultural understanding. The proposed methodology offers a tailored approach to language instruction, fostering language fluency and communicative competence among Karakalpak students, ultimately empowering them to navigate diverse communication contexts effectively

The article considers the key characteristics of the process of forming an active dictionary in Russian as a foreign language. The role of the active dictionary in the process of formation of students' linguistic competence and outlook is determined. The author defines the role of the principle of minimization of lexical material in the formation of an active dictionary.

Semantic opposition is more than a lexical device; it is a fundamental epistemological strategy by which human beings differentiate, categorize, and structure knowledge. This paper explores how oppositional structures in language—such as binary antonyms (true/false, light/dark), scalar contrasts (hot/cold), and conceptual reversals (buy/sell)—function as cognitive tools for learning and conceptualizing the world. Drawing on the philosophical foundations of contrast in Western thought, particularly the ontological dualisms articulated by Plato and formalized in modern structural linguistics by Ferdinand de Saussure, the study demonstrates that linguistic meaning arises not from isolated reference but from systematic difference.

The article analyzes how discourse markers enhance spoken communication by linking linguistic choice, intent, and interpretation. It examines lexical, pragmatic, and sociolinguistic factors shaping meaning, coherence, and fluency in dialogue.

This article is devoted to the issue of creating similes using lexical means, which is one of the possibilities for expressing expressiveness in a literary text, and is explained with examples from literary works.

This article analyzes the problems of lexical and semantic inconsistency that arise in the process of simultaneous translation, which is one of the most complex and responsible forms of oral speech translation, from a scientific, theoretical and practical perspective. The main problems encountered by the translator in the process of receiving, processing and transmitting speech in real time are terminological inconsistency, polysemy, phraseological units, cultural-realities (realia), and context-dependent semantic shifts. The article highlights the cognitive causes, psycholinguistic factors, and their impact on discourse, and proposes effective strategies for their elimination - advance preparation, contextual prediction, ensuring equivalence based on a functional approach, and using compensation and paraphrase methods. The results of the study serve to improve the quality of simultaneous translation, develop the professional competence of translators, and enrich the theory of translation studies.

Эта статья посвящена изучению лексических особенностей соматизмов. В исследовании подробно анализируются формирование слов, словосочетаний и фраз, связанных с частями тела, а также их лингвистические характеристики. Также приводятся примеры, которые помогают раскрыть семантическую гибкость, метафорическое богатство и культурную специфику соматизмов. Статья подчеркивает важность соматизмов для понимания языка и культуры, акцентируя их роль в когнитивных и лингвистических исследованиях.