The usage of literary works in the context of teaching second languages is examined in this essay. It emphasizes the value of literary proficiency and the implications for teaching literature, including the necessity of connecting literature, language, and culture, the significance of establishing the purpose of literature instruction, and the distinction between teaching literature as a process and as a product. There is also a brief examination of the author's experiences instructing English as a foreign language utilizing the literary sources. In order to resolve the debates between the poetic and hermeneutic approaches to teaching literature as a subject of study, more research is advised based on the discussions of linked literature. Additionally, teaching literature as a subject requires a proper balance between language, literature, and culture.

The article examines Russian literature as one of the factors of self-knowledge and self-development, the world around us is also examined through the prism of the concept of Russian literature and the history of its development.

This article provides a broad analysis of the historical development of humanistic ideas in Uzbek literature. Starting from ancient written monuments, it examines the various manifestations of humanism during the Eastern Renaissance, the Timurid literary school, the Jadid movement, and contemporary literature of the independence period. Through the works of such writers as Alisher Navoi, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, Abdulla Qodiriy, Cho‘lpon, Erkin Vohidov, Abdulla Oripov, and Tog‘ay Murod, the concepts of human dignity, justice, compassion, freedom, and spiritual perfection are highlighted. Furthermore, the views of scholars are presented, enriched with literary criticism perspectives. The results of the study demonstrate that humanism is inherent to all stages of Uzbek literature, serving as an important spiritual foundation that unites national and universal values.

This article outlines the scope of the Holocaust literature from its historical origins to contemporary times. It delves into the evolution of Holocaust literature, tracing its genesis from the immediate aftermath of World War II to its growth as a vital genre in contemporary world literature. The article begins by exploring the early accounts and testimonies of survivors, examining how individuals grappled with the trauma of genocide and sought to bear witness through written narratives. Moreover, it highlights key themes and considerations in Holocaust literature.

The article examines the issue of transformation of traditional mystical and Sufi images in the enlightenment and Jadid literature of the peoples of Central Asia. Tradition is the most important component of the literature of the peoples of the world, and its change and evolution is one of the most complex and multifaceted processes. In particular, Sufi and mystical elements, deeply rooted in the literature of the peoples of the East, over time penetrated into the deepest roots of literature and reached the level of traditional terms of mystical literature. However, in Jadid literature, even traditional Sufi terminology has undergone changes in terms of linguopoetic principles, both lexical-semantic and artistic-figurative. The article examines and analyzes this topical issue from a scientific and theoretical point of view.

This article explores innovative strategies for integrating literature into the ESL classroom to support language development, critical thinking, and learner engagement. While literature has long been used as a teaching tool, modern classrooms require updated approaches that suit diverse learner needs. The article presents several new techniques, including the use of micro-literature for manageable reading tasks, the integration of digital platforms to enhance interaction, and the application of “reader as detective” activities to develop inferencing skills. It also highlights flexible literature circles, creative transformation tasks, multicultural text selection, personal connection journals, and performance-based activities as effective ways to deepen comprehension and increase motivation. Together, these tips offer practical, adaptable methods for teachers seeking to make literature more dynamic, accessible, and meaningful for today’s ESL learners.

This article examines the influence of the Renaissance on English literature. It analyzes how the Renaissance influenced the form and content of literature through its humanism, the emergence of new genres and styles, the rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture, and the development of human thought. The article cites the works of William Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser, and other Renaissance writers as examples. At the same time, it shows that the Renaissance made the human psyche and individual experience a central theme in literature, and developed new genres (drama, sonnet, essay) and means of expression. The article will help researchers, students, and readers understand the role and significance of the Renaissance in the history of English literature.

The father figure in literature has always been a central archetype reflecting social, cultural, and spiritual realities. In Eastern literatures of the 21st century, the poetic interpretations of the father reveal not only universal values but also national peculiarities. This article comparatively analyzes the image of the father in Uzbek, Japanese, Chinese, and Turkish literatures. The study shows that while in Uzbek literature the father is mostly represented as wise, kind, and guiding, in Japanese works he is often associated with psychological conflicts; in Turkish novels, father–son contradictions prevail; and in Chinese prose, fathers are depicted within the struggles of social injustice and rural life. Such comparative research allows us to reveal the dynamic functions of the father figure in the cultural memory of different nations.

This article outlines the scope of the Holocaust literature from its historical origins to contemporary times. It delves into the evolution of Holocaust literature, tracing its genesis from the immediate aftermath of World War II to its growth as a vital genre in contemporary world literature. The article begins by exploring the early accounts and testimonies of survivors, examining how individuals grappled with the trauma of genocide and sought to bear witness through written narratives. Moreover, it highlights key themes and considerations in Holocaust literature.

Intercultural communication plays a transformative role in shaping global literature by facilitating the exchange of ideas, values, and narratives across cultural boundaries. This process enriches literary traditions, fosters mutual understanding, and challenges cultural stereotypes. As globalization accelerates, literature increasingly serves as a medium for dialogue between diverse cultures, reflecting shared human experiences while preserving unique cultural identities. This paper explores how intercultural communication influences global literature, examining its impact on narrative forms, thematic diversity, and the evolution of literary traditions.

This article is related to identifying the approaches employed by teachers in teaching Contemporary Children’s Literature Program to upper primary school. Using classroom observations and interview as research instruments, this paper evaluates the approaches of five ESL teachers teaching Year 5 students and examines the various challenges faced by them in the teaching of literature. Preliminary findings on the approaches revealed that the incorporation of literary elements in the classroom was minimal. Teachers were lacked creativity and fully utilized the modules provided by the Curriculum Development Centre.

This article explores the literary representation of war and trauma across global conflict literature, focusing on how narratives of violence, memory, and identity are constructed in both historical and contemporary texts. Drawing on six key scholarly sources, it examines works such as All Quiet on the Western Front, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and modern graphic narratives. By comparing literature from multiple regions and time periods, the article highlights how war trauma is narrated, gendered, and remembered. Through interdisciplinary analysis, this study emphasizes the transformative function of literature in shaping cultural memory and witnessing trauma.

This article explores the profound influence of women writers on modern literature, highlighting their significant contributions amid historical biases and barriers. It examines early pioneers such as Aphra Behn and Mary Wollstonecraft, whose works laid the groundwork for feminist discourse and challenged societal norms. The discussion extends to the evolution of women writers in various literary movements, including Modernism and feminism, showcasing how figures like Virginia Woolf and Toni Morrison have reshaped narratives and genres. The article further delves into the ongoing challenges women writers face, including gendered expectations and underrepresentation in literary spaces. It emphasizes the transformative role of contemporary women writers who are expanding the literary canon and advocating for diverse voices. As barriers continue to diminish, the future of literature promises to reflect a richer tapestry of experiences, ensuring that women's stories are celebrated as integral to the human experience. This comprehensive analysis underscores the resilience, innovation, and cultural impact of women writers, affirming their essential role in shaping contemporary literature.

This article discusses the emergence of children's literature, as well as the emergence of children's literature in England, along with the historical development and the new stage after World War II, as well as the contribution to the development of world children's literature with specific examples.

This article investigates not only the impact of realism in literature on contemporary literary movements, but also its enduring influence on the portrayal of everyday life, social issues, and human experience. With examining the characteristics of realism in American literature, such as regionalism, social issues, psychological realism, objectivity, and its influence on later literary, this study sheds light on the importance of realism as a foundational element in the American literary tradition.

This article explores the role of Jack London in the development of Realism in American literature, particularly focusing on his adventure fiction. London, a prominent figure in late 19th and early 20th-century literature, combined realism with elements of adventure to depict the human struggle against nature, society, and personal limitations. Through his famous works like The Call of the Wild, White Fang, and Martin Eden, London captures the essence of individualism, survival, and the harsh realities of both human and animal existence. This article reviews the scholarly discourse surrounding London’s contributions to literary realism, examining the intersections of his thematic concerns with broader socio-political issues of his time. Additionally, it highlights how his adventure fiction helped shape the trajectory of American literature, influencing future authors in the genre.

This article explores the integration of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies in teaching Kazakh literature. The use of immersive technologies enhances students' engagement, deepens comprehension, and provides an interactive approach to studying literary works. The paper discusses the benefits and challenges of implementing AR and VR in literature education, highlighting their potential to bring historical and cultural contexts to life. Special emphasis is placed on how these technologies can transform traditional literature lessons into an innovative and interactive learning experience.

Literature, often referred to as the mirror of society, is a powerful medium that transcends time and culture. This article explores the enduring power of literature and its role in shaping our understanding of the world. It emphasizes the role of literature in reflecting societal norms, values, and the human condition. The article also highlights its potential to evoke personal and societal transformation and promote cultural diversity and global understanding.

It is known that myths and legends occupy a very important place in world literature. If we look at the literature of any nation, we can see that myths and fairy tales embody the nation's way of life and characteristics. Despite the fact that the main heroes of myths and fairy tales may change in the literature of different nations, they are all images of goodness and goodness. Although some of these images do not exist in real life, it is not an exaggeration to say that they are popular with people through their images in fairy tales and legends. When we compare mythological images in English and Uzbek literature, we can see differences as well as common features between mythological images in the literature of these two nations.

The literature review is a crucial component of academic articles, providing the foundation for research by summarizing, analyzing, and synthesizing existing studies. This article explores the role of the literature review in scholarly writing, emphasizing its importance in identifying research gaps, establishing the context of the study, and supporting arguments. The paper discusses effective strategies for conducting a comprehensive literature review, common challenges faced by researchers, and best practices to enhance the quality of academic work. Understanding and properly implementing a literature review not only strengthens the credibility of the research but also contributes to the development of knowledge within the academic community.

Love and romance have long been central themes in world literature, shaping narratives that reflect cultural and societal values. Uzbek literature, deeply rooted in historical and folkloric traditions, presents love in various forms—ranging from idealized and poetic to tragic and socially constrained. This paper explores the portrayal of love and romance in Uzbek literature, analyzing key works such as Layli va Majnun (Alisher Navoi), O'tkan Kunlar (Abdulla Qodiriy), Kecha va Kunduz (Cho'lpon), and Yulduzli Tunlar (Pirimqul Qodirov). Through a qualitative literary analysis, this study examines how the theme of love has evolved over time and how it reflects broader societal changes. By comparing classical and modern representations, we aim to highlight the dynamic nature of love and romance in Uzbek literary tradition.

This article provides a comparative analysis of women’s characteristics in English and Uzbek literature across various historical periods. It examines how female characters have been portrayed, how cultural, religious, and social contexts have shaped their identities, and what similarities and differences can be observed between the two literary traditions. The study highlights the evolution from traditional, idealized female roles to more independent, psychologically complex, and socially active portrayals.

This article presents a comparative literary analysis of childhood representation in American and Uzbek literature through the examination of Mark Twain's "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" (1876) and Gafur Gulom's "Shum Bola" (1936). The study employs comparative literary methodology to identify thematic parallels and cultural divergences in the portrayal of boyhood experiences, social environments, and moral development across two distinct literary traditions. The analysis reveals that despite significant temporal, geographical, and cultural differences, both novels share fundamental concerns regarding childhood autonomy, social criticism, and the tension between individual freedom and societal constraints.

The legacy of slavery has profoundly shaped American literature, serving as both a historical record and a means of cultural expression. Early narratives such as slave narratives by Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs, and Olaudah Equiano provided firsthand testimonies of the brutality of slavery while asserting the humanity and resilience of enslaved people. These works not only contributed to abolitionist movements but also established a literary foundation for African American voices. In the post-slavery era, African American writers like W.E.B. Du Bois, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Ralph Ellison continued to explore the psychological, social, and cultural consequences of enslavement, weaving themes of racial identity, resistance, and self-determination. Contemporary authors such as Toni Morrison, Alice Walker, and Colson Whitehead reinterpret slavery through historical fiction and metafiction, emphasizing memory, trauma, and intergenerational impact. By engaging with the history of slavery, American literature reveals the deep scars of racial injustice while highlighting the enduring role of African American writers in shaping national narratives. Their works challenge dominant discourses, reconstruct silenced histories, and assert African American cultural identity, ensuring that the memory of slavery remains central to the understanding of U.S. history and literature.

This article presents an in-depth comparative analysis of the aesthetic and social function of satire in both Uzbek and English literature. Despite the universal role of satire as a tool for critique and reform, the historical, cultural, and linguistic contexts of each tradition have shaped distinct stylistic and philosophical approaches to the genre. The study investigates how satire operates in different political and cultural frameworks, how it reflects ethical concerns, and how its artistic expressions evolve across time and media. Through the analysis of prominent figures like Alisher Navoi and Abdulla Qahhor in the Uzbek literary tradition, and Jonathan Swift, George Orwell, and Salman Rushdie in English literature, this article explores satire’s role as a dynamic medium of socio-political reflection and literary innovation.