This article is about the history of the emergence of psycholinguistics, which is one of the branches of linguistics. Psycholinguistics is a relatively new area of study, though interest in the mind-language relationship has a long history. And here we mentioned some  prominent scientists and their  works.

The transformation of science fiction from a specialised literary genre to a prominent cultural phenomena reflects humanity’s evolving views on the future, technology, and science. This research examines the historical development of science fiction, emphasising significant milestones, prominent authors, and thematic trends. The results indicate that science fiction has progressed from speculative tales rooted in mythology and primitive science to complex explorations of social, ethical, and philosophical issues. The genre’s adaptability and significance have guaranteed its ongoing growth, establishing it as an essential medium for exploring the human condition.

In this article I would like to discuss two prominent figures in the field of linguistics who had influenced to the development of linguistic study.

Ushbu maqolada rus realist rangtasvir san’ati namoyandalari I.Y.Repin, Karl Bryullov, V.I.Surikov va boshqa mashhur rassomlarning tarixiy janr rivojiga qo‘shgan beqiyos hissasi atroflicha tahlil etiladi. XIX asr rus san’atida tarixiy janrning shakllanish jarayoni, uning ijtimoiy-madaniy omillar bilan bog‘liqligi hamda mazkur davr rassomlari tomonidan qo‘llangan badiiy-uslubiy yondashuvlar yoritiladi. Xususan, kompozitsiya qurilishi, yorug‘lik-soya yechimlari, dramatik holatlarni berish, rang va fakturaning ifodaviy imkoniyatlari, shuningdek, psixologik portretlashtirish texnikalarining tarixiy voqealarni talqin etishdagi o‘rni ilmiy asosda ko‘rib chiqiladi.

This paper explores the presence of resistance elements in the poetry of Abdulla Avloniy, a prominent figure of Uzbek Jadid literature. Through thematic and stylistic analysis of selected poems, this study identifies how Avloniy utilized poetic expression to challenge colonial oppression, advocate for educational reform, and revive national identity. The research employs close reading methodology within a historical-literary context. The paper contributes to broader discourses on resistance literature in post-colonial studies by situating Uzbek poetic traditions in a global framework of literary dissent.

This article investigates the psycholinguistic mechanisms governing the reception, processing, and interpretation of linguistic units within English and Uzbek social media discourse. Employing a comparative analytical framework, it specifically examines the cognitive load, semantic encoding, and pragmatic inference associated with digital language features such as emojis, abbreviations, neologisms, and community-specific slang. The study integrates data from prominent platforms (Twitter, Instagram, Telegram) with insights from linguistic corpora and experimental psycholinguistic research to delineate both language-specific and universal cognitive patterns. The analysis demonstrates that while the digital medium universally promotes economy, immediacy, and multimodality, the psycholinguistic adaptation to these demands is profoundly shaped by the structural typology (e.g., agglutinative Uzbek vs. analytic English), cultural context, and pragmatic conventions of each language community. Consequently, the study reveals distinct trajectories of linguistic innovation and user adaptation, highlighting how universal cognitive principles are filtered through and realized within specific linguistic and cultural systems.

This article explores the perspectives of Alisher Navoi, a prominent figure in Uzbek literature, on education. It examines Navoi's beliefs on the purpose, methods, and outcomes of education as expressed through his literary works. The article highlights Navoi's view of education as a transformative journey towards enlightenment, emphasizing the integration of ethics and moral values. It discusses Navoi's emphasis on language mastery, the importance of education for social transformation, and the holistic development of individuals. The article also explores Navoi's ideas on the role of imagination, creativity, and cultural preservation in education. It concludes by discussing the contemporary relevance of Navoi's educational philosophy and its enduring inspiration for educators and scholars.

This thesis presents an extensive comparative study of Uzbek and British cultures, focusing on their core values, traditional customs, communication styles, and social norms. It highlights how historical, geographical, and social factors have shaped distinct worldviews and behavioral patterns in both societies. Using numerous examples from daily life, ceremonies, and interpersonal communication, and drawing on the works of prominent Uzbek scholars, this research aims to deepen intercultural understanding and promote respectful interactions between people from Uzbekistan and the United Kingdom.

This paper compares the themes of transcendence, heaven, and hell in the works of William Wordsworth and Alisher Navoi. Wordsworth’s Romantic poetry emphasizes the soul's transcendence through nature and memory, presenting heaven as a state of spiritual illumination. In contrast, Navoi, a prominent figure in Central Asian Sufism, explores mystical themes of the soul’s purification and ascension toward God, presenting heaven as a metaphor for spiritual union and hell as a state of separation from the divine. This comparative analysis highlights the shared human longing for transcendence and explores how both poets use metaphysical concepts to represent the journey of the soul toward enlightenment.

This study focuses on the life and literary legacy of Khatiboghli Muhammad, a prominent representative of 15th-century Turkic Sufi literature. Special attention is given to his works such as Bahr al-Haqa’iq, Latoyifnoma, and Farohnoma, exploring their religious and mystical ideas, folk style, and linguistic features. The research examines the poet’s use of Qur’anic verses, hadiths, Sufi symbols, and elements of oral folk tradition. Based on the scholarly approach of M.A. Joshan, Khatiboghli’s works are analyzed within the framework of textual studies, linguistics, and historical-cultural context, clarifying his role in the history of Turkic literature.

Lexical semantic approaches to phraseological units provide valuable insights into the meaning, interpretation, and usage of these fixed expressions within a linguistic framework. This section explores some of the prominent lexical semantic approaches, highlighting their contributions to the study of phraseological units.

Down syndrome (DS), resulting from the trisomy of chromosome 21, represents one of the most common genetic causes of intellectual disability, occurring in approximately 1 in 700 live births worldwide. Children with Down syndrome exhibit a distinctive profile of developmental challenges, with speech and language impairments constituting particularly prominent and persistent features of their phenotype. The communication difficulties experienced by these children are characterized by a striking discrepancy between receptive and expressive language abilities, with expressive language typically more severely affected and following an atypical developmental trajectory compared to neurotypical peers.

Ushbu maqolada Fariduddin Attorning “Mantiq ut-Tayr” dostoni va uning jahon kutubxonalari hamda muzeylarida saqlanayotgan qo‘lyozma nusxalari ilmiy tahlil qilinadi. Asarning tasavvufiy-falsafiy mazmuni, tarixiy ahamiyati va Sharq adabiy merosidagi o‘rni yoritilgan. Tadqiqot davomida Kembrij, Oksford, Eton kolleji, SOAS, Manchester va Britaniya kutubxonalari fondlaridagi qo‘lyozmalar solishtirma tahlil asosida o‘rganildi. Ayniqsa, Britaniya kutubxonasidagi MS 7735 nusxasi xattotlik, miniatyura va badiiy bezak jihatidan batafsil tasvirlangan. Maqola Attor merosining badiiy-estetik qimmati va qo‘lyozmalar kolleksiyalarining ilmiy ahamiyatini ochib beradi.

In this article, an accomplished literary critic, navviist, mystic, translator and translation scholar, doctor of philological sciences, professor Najmiddin Komilov, famous representatives of Eastern Sufi literature, Farididdin Attar's "Mantiq ut-tayr", "Ilohiynoma", Husain Vaiz Koshifi's "Futuvvatnomai - Sultani", Sultan Valad's "Maarif", Aziziddin Nasafi's "Zubdat ul-Haqayiq" and Sayyid Muhammad Khatami's "From the History of Islamic Thought" translated from Persian into Uzbek by skillful translation, in general, scientific study and assessment of the scientist's translation activities, and the scientist's current problems of translation studies. His views on research are analyzed. The above-mentioned translator Najmiddin Komilov's works, translated from Persian to Uzbek, have a fluent language and a simple style, and the reader will have no difficulty in reading the translated work. In the article, the translator's "Translation skills of Muhammad Reza Ogahi" (candidacy thesis), "Khorazm school of translation (problems of typological and comparative research of the translation history of the 19th century)" (doctoral thesis), "This is an ancient art", "Caravans of thought" and the co-authored scientific research "Bridges of Friendship" and "Translator's Skills" were analyzed, about 20 literary translations from Persian by the famous poet, historian and translator M.R. Ogahi, Ogahi's translation skills, which stand in a high position in Uzbek translation studies The emergence, formation and development of Khorezm translation school, prominent representatives of Khorezm translation school. artistic translation and its poetic and prose forms, complex aspects and requirements of poetic translation, the importance of translation in studying the work of Hafiz and Goethe and other thinker poets of classical Eastern and Western literature, in general, N. Komilov's Uzbek translation studies Scientific opinions and views on current problems were studied. While referring to the history of Uzbek translation studies, translator Najmiddin Komilov provides information about the translation work of Abu Rayhan Beruni, a great encyclopedist, a representative of Eastern Renaissance culture, who made a great contribution to the development of the Khorezm translation school. According to the translator, A. Beruni knew several languages ​​such as Arabic (Syriac), Greek, Indian (Sanskrit), Jewish (Hebrew), Persian and Turkish and was recognized as a skilled translator and a clever translator of his time. The studies of the hard-working scientist on the development of Uzbek translation studies are distinguished by their richness in literary-aesthetic, philosophical-logical thinking. In the conditions of today's globalization, translation and translation studies have an important role in the development of science in Uzbekistan, since translations lead humanity to progress and raise world civilization.

The adoption of digital technologies in education especially in language teachinghas significantly reshaped instructional methods and broadened learners’ access to educational resources. This article offers a comprehensive examination of digital tools in language education, highlighting prominent platforms and technologies used for language acquisition. It also investigates pedagogical strategies for effective integration and discusses both the advantages and limitations of these approaches. The analysis underscores how digital tools can enhance language learning outcomes, while also emphasizing the importance of strategic implementation to mitigate issues such as unequal access, overreliance on technology, and challenges in evaluating learner progress.

The purpose of this article is to provide basic information about the movement of feminism and its main peculiarities reflected in the novels of Alice Walker who is famous feminist writer, poet and activist. Her contributions to American literature is great with her popular, best-seller novels and creative work. Alice Walker undoubtedly occupies a prominent place in the envy of African-American literature. It reflects the struggles and journeys of African American men and women an effort to strengthen and liberate the entire black race. She is associated with the “survival” of her people, who have been discriminated against, humiliated and humiliated by the white American majority. Walker focuses on black women’s survival strategies in a racist white society and a patriarchal black society. Her personal experiences and observations as a black woman are repeated in her works and characters. In her creative work, she completely presents that being a black woman is twice as difficult as just being a woman or a black man.

The evolution of a language draws attention to various alterations and modifications associated with it, and one of the most prominent of these modifications is the phenomenon of semantic change. Over the last few decades, the changes experienced by the world, including the spread of modern technology and the impact of social networking sites, have increased these processes in Modern English. This article provides an analysis of the processes through which new signification, new meanings, and new words are created. This article analyzes the processes that create new signification and new meanings, such as neologisms, and the ways in which these alterations and innovations are absorbed within the English language. The linguistic theories and contemporary materials utilized in this article intend to provide evidence that the phenomenon of social and cultural changes, along with the shifts in the manner in which people communicate, are a direct by-product of the modern world. The phenomenon is an indicator of the social structure of the world today.

Many critics have shared their insightful opinions on J. Stuart’s novels, delving into the intricacies of her storytelling and unique writing style. They meticulously analyzed her works, exploring themes, character development, and narrative techniques, often comparing her approach to that of other prominent authors in her genre. By offering detailed commentary on her novels, critics have contributed significantly to the understanding and appreciation of J. Stuart’s literary contributions. In this article we analyze their opinions about J. Stuart’s works.

Abdulhamid Sulaymon o‘g‘li Cholpon (1897–1938), a prominent figure in Uzbek literature, is widely regarded as a master of lyrical and dramatic expression. His works resonate with themes of national identity, individual struggle, and existential despair. The early 20th century, marked by political upheaval and cultural transformation in Central Asia, profoundly shaped Cholpon’s literary voice. This thesis explores the psychological fracture embedded in his works and examines how despair functions as a central poetic and emotional device. Through a close reading of selected poems and prose, we analyze how despair becomes both a response to socio-political trauma and a tool for inner exploration.

This article explores text unit analysis in languages belonging to the Turkic
language family, delving into the linguistic features, structural elements, and cultural
influences that shape the written forms of these languages. The article provides an overview
of the Turkic languages, discussing their origins, geographic distribution, and classification.
Additionally, it examines the most prominent features of Turkic languages and their
implications for text unit analysis, including agglutination, vowel harmony, and word order.
Finally, the article discusses the application of text unit analysis in various domains, such as
language teaching, machine translation, and linguistic research.

Mandibular fractures represent one of the most common injuries of the maxillofacial region, accounting for 70% to 85% of all facial skeleton fractures according to various studies. The high frequency of this pathology is due to the anatomical features of the mandible, its mobility, and its prominent position in the facial skeleton, which makes it vulnerable to various traumatic impacts. The social significance of the problem is determined by the predominant affliction of working-age individuals (20-40 years), which leads to significant economic losses associated with temporary disability and treatment costs.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of various methods for teaching foreign languages, exploring both traditional and contemporary approaches and the article considers some innovative methods of teaching a foreign language at a non-linguistic university. It examines prominent methods including the Grammar-Translation Method, Direct Method, Communicative Approach, Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), Total Physical Response (TPR), and the Audio-Lingual Method. Each method is analyzed in terms of its principles, strengths, and limitations, highlighting how they address different aspects of language acquisition such as grammar, vocabulary, and communicative competence. The new requirements for student’s education, which assume that they have relevant professional  competencies,  including  foreign  language  communicative  competence,  actualize research  attention  to  different  approaches,  technologies  and  conditions  aimed  at  improving the quality of higher education.

This article explores the selection of materials aimed at fostering critical thinking in integrated skills classes, which combine reading, writing, speaking, and listening. It underscores the importance of critical thinking in education and provides strategies for selecting effective materials, including relevance, complexity, multiple perspectives, multimedia integration, and scaffolded learning. The insights of prominent scholars such as John Dewey, Benjamin Bloom, Richard Paul, Linda Elder, and Lev Vygotsky are discussed to frame the theoretical foundation of these strategies. The article concludes that careful selection of materials is crucial for developing students' critical thinking skills, thereby enhancing their overall academic and personal growth.

This article explores the Turkic-language literary heritage of Ubaydulloh Khan, a prominent representative of the Shaybanid dynasty who wrote poetry under the pen name Ubaydiy. It examines the genres, thematic scope, and ideological-aesthetic features of his works, as well as their relevance today. Ubaydiy composed poetry in various classical genres such as ghazal, ruboiy, hikmat, tuyuq, qit’a, tarji’band, and noma. His works in these genres cover themes including socio-political issues, ethical-didactic messages, religious-philosophical reflections, love, and personal confessions.

This article is about family honour in English and its role and importance in spoken and written language. Protecting the family and family honour, passing it on to the next generation, and its role in literature and the concept of honour, which is explored theoretically, with references to the most prominent researchers in the field, as well as historically, in order to reveal the concept’s main transformations in English culture. In addition, the article gives a short introduction to the rest of the articles in the book.