Science and Innovation

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonda axborot texnologiyalari jadal rivojlanayotgan davrda axborotdan oqilona va mas’uliyatli foydalanish madaniyatini shakllantirishda ta’lim va tarbiyaning hal qiluvchi o‘rni yoritilgan. Yosh avlod ongida tanqidiy fikrlash, axborot xavfsizligi va media savodxonlik ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish zarurligini ta’kidlab, maktabgacha ta’limdan boshlab oliy ta’limgacha bo‘lgan tizimda ushbu yo‘nalishda olib borilayotgan ishlar tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, oilaning, o‘qituvchilarning va jamiyatning umumiy mas’uliyati haqida fikr yuritilib, samarali usullar va takliflar keltirilgan. Maqola ta’lim-tarbiya orqali axborotga nisbatan ongli munosabatni shakllantirish bo‘yicha ilmiy-nazariy va amaliy tavsiyalarni o‘z ichiga olgan.

В статье рассматривается освещение гендерной тематики в произведениях современных женщин-драматургов, таких как Ярослава Пулинович, Олена Мухина и другие. Основное внимание уделяется образу женщины в обществе, её социальной роли, вопросам равноправия, внутренним психологическим переживаниям и борьбе с гендерными стереотипами. Анализ проводится в контексте гендерного подхода, драматургических форм и современной социальной действительности.

В настоящее время в результате развития науки, техники и инновационных технологий в учебно–воспитательном процессе усиливаются усилия по повышению эффективности обучения с использованием интерактивных методик, инновационных педагогических и информационных технологий, повышается внимание к письменно-речевой компетентности учащихся.

Ushbu maqolada yozuvning insoniyat tarixidagi roli, uning jamiyat rivojiga qo‘shgan hissasi va bugungi kundagi axborot almashinuvidagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Yozuv nafaqat bilim va madaniyatni avloddan avlodga uzatish vositasi sifatida, balki ijtimoiy taraqqiyotning asosi sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Turli davrlarda va jamiyatlarda yozuvning tutgan o‘rni tarixiy misollar asosida tahlil qilinadi.

Gafur Abdumajidov (1928–2013) was a prominent Uzbek legal scholar, professor, and doctor of juridical sciences. His contributions to the development of legal studies in Uzbekistan, particularly in criminal law and constitutional law, were instrumental in shaping the country’s legal framework. As a member of the Constitutional Commission, he played a vital role in drafting Uzbekistan’s Constitution. His academic works, including textbooks on criminal law and legal history, remain influential in legal education. This paper explores his life, academic contributions, and impact on Uzbekistan’s legal system.

O‘zbekiston ta’lim tizimida zamonaviy o‘quvchi shaxsini shakllantirish jarayonida uni ijtimoiy hayotga tayyorlash muammosi dolzarb vazifaga aylangan. Ushbu tezisda o‘quvchilarni ijtimoiylashtirishning nazariy asoslari, ijtimoiy hayotga tayyorlash jarayonining bosqichlari, ta’lim va tarbiya integratsiyasi orqali shaxsiy kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirish masalalari ilmiy asosda yoritilgan. Tezisda ijtimoiy faollikni shakllantirishga qaratilgan pedagogik metodlar, shuningdek, xalqaro tajriba asosida tavsiyalar ham keltirilgan.

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy lingvistika, adabiyotshunoslik va tarjimashunoslik fanlarining rivojlanish bosqichlari, yutuqlari, dolzarb muammolari va ularni hal etish yoʻllari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada ilmiy integratsiya, fanlararo yondashuvlar va raqamli texnologiyalar yordamida yangi metodologiyalar yaratishning ahamiyati yoritilgan. Shu bilan birga, milliy madaniy merosni asrash, zamonaviy ilmiy tadqiqotlarni rivojlantirish va mutaxassislarni tayyorlash borasidagi istiqbolli yo‘nalishlar ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan

Davlat boshqaruvi tizimida axborot xizmati va jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar bo‘limi, zamonaviy davlatning muvaffaqiyatli faoliyat yuritishining ajralmas qismidir. Ushbu bo‘lim davlat va jamoat orasidagi o‘zaro tushunishni ta'minlash, shuningdek, davlat organlarining faoliyatini ochiqlik va shaffoflik bilan olib borish vazifalarini bajaradi. Maqsadli va samarali kommunikatsiya davlat boshqaruvi jarayonining markaziy jihatlaridan biridir, chunki axborot almashinuvi va o‘zaro aloqalar asosida davlatning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy taraqqiyoti va barqarorligi mustahkamlanadi.

Bul maqalada kitapxanashılıq tarawı hám málimleme texnologiyaları (IT) integraciyası arqalı jaslar menen nátiyjeli islesiw strategiyaları kórip shıǵıldı. Sanlı kitapxanashılıq, elektron resurslardan paydalanıw, málimleme mádeniyatın qáliplestiriw hám jaslardı kitapxanashılıq tarawına qızıqtırıw boyınsha zamanagóy qatnaslar analizlengen.

Mazkur tezisda g‘o‘zada fuzariozli vilt kasalligining etiologiyasi, tarqalishi, simptomlari, rivojlanish mexanizmi, qo‘zg‘atuvchining morfologik, biologik va molekulyar xususiyatlari tahlil qilingan. Kasallikka qarshi kurashda qo‘llaniladigan agrotexnik, kimyoviy, biologik va seleksiya choralari, shuningdek, molekulyar markerlar asosida chidamli navlar yaratish imkoniyatlari bayon etilgan.

Literature serves as a powerful medium to explore human emotions, social realities, and existential struggles. This study presents a comparative analysis of "The Last Leaf" by O. Henry and "Bemor" by Abdulla Qahhor, focusing on their thematic concerns, narrative techniques, and symbolic representations. Both stories depict human suffering and resilience in the face of illness, yet their resolutions and underlying messages differ significantly due to their distinct cultural and literary traditions. O. Henry’s narrative revolves around hope, altruism, and the power of artistic sacrifice, while Qahhor’s work presents a realistic depiction of suffering and the limitations of faith in overcoming material hardships. By analyzing these stories through the lenses of literary symbolism, character development, and socio-cultural context, this study aims to demonstrate how literature reflects universal human experiences while remaining deeply rooted in its cultural background.

Mazkur maqolada ta’lim tizimida inkluziv yondashuvning o‘rni, imkoniyatlari va joriy muammolari tahlil qilinadi. Maxsus ehtiyojli ta’lim oluvchilar uchun teng ta’lim imkoniyatlarini yaratish, psixologik-pedagogik yondashuvlar va zamonaviy didaktik vositalarning samaradorligi ochib beriladi. Shuningdek, O‘zbekistonda inkluziv ta’lim sohasidagi amaliy ishlar va rivojlanish yo‘nalishlariga e’tibor qaratiladi.

Ushbu maqolada Qashqadaryo vohasi aholisi motam marosimlarida saqlanib qolgan qadimiy e’tiqod va urf-odatlar tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, vohada o‘lim bilan bog‘liq marosimlarda totemistik, animistik va shomonistik qarashlarning izlari, ularning zamonaviy turmushdagi shakllari va ijtimoiy ongdagi o‘rni yoritiladi.

The article explores the significant function teachers perform in fostering students’ speaking abilities during language learning. It emphasizes that effective speaking practice requires not only student participation but also the teacher’s guidance in creating a supportive, engaging environment. The article outlines how teachers can act as facilitators, organizers, prompters, and feedback providers, adapting their roles based on classroom dynamics and student needs. It discusses the importance of balancing correction with encouragement and promoting interaction through group work, discussions, and role-play. By carefully selecting topics and activities relevant to learners’ interests and proficiency levels, teachers help students gain confidence and fluency. The article concludes that a teacher’s active yet sensitive involvement is key to the success of speaking tasks, as it influences motivation, reduces anxiety, and enhances communicative competence. Thus, the teacher’s role is integral to developing learners’ oral proficiency in a foreign or second language..

ushbu maqolada Nosir Xisravning “Safarnoma” asarida shaharlar tasviri, ularning  madaniy, ilmiy va geografik jihatlari qanday tasvirlanganligi tahlil qilinadi. Muallif o`z zamonasidagi shaharlarni faqat tashqi ko`rinishi bilan emas, balki u yerlardagi ilm ahllari, til tafovutlari va shaharlarning diniy- ma`naviy hayoti bilan birga tasvirlagan.

This article explores the growing significance of social networks in the professional development of foreign language teachers. In the context of rapidly evolving educational technologies and global interconnectedness, the study emphasizes how digital platforms—such as Facebook groups, LinkedIn communities, and specialized forums—serve as dynamic spaces for collaborative learning, knowledge exchange, and peer support among educators. The article outlines the theoretical underpinnings of professional learning communities and examines how social networking tools contribute to teachers’ continuous growth in both linguistic and pedagogical competencies.

This thesis gives a detailed look at the life and writing of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, one of the most important writers of the late 1800s and early 1900s in Britain. He is most famous for creating the detective Sherlock Holmes, but he also wrote many other types of stories, including historical novels, science fiction, plays, poems, and works about spiritualism. This study shows how Doyle’s background, education, and the society he lived in influenced his writing. It looks not only at Sherlock Holmes but also at his lesser-known works and his deep interest in spiritualism later in life. The thesis argues that Doyle’s writing both reflected and shaped the ideas and culture of his time.

Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek va ingliz tili frazeologik birliklarining o‘zaro bir-biriga bog‘liqligi va farqi, ularni tarjima qilish shakllari qiyosiy jihatdan o‘rganilgan.

This article explores the critical role of English proficiency among Uzbek educators in enhancing educational quality, fostering global connectivity, and supporting Uzbekistan’s integration into the global economy. It examines the necessity of English in modern education systems, analyzes existing literature, and presents findings from a mixed-methods study involving surveys and interviews with Uzbek educators. The results highlight the benefits of English proficiency and the challenges educators face in acquiring it. The article concludes with recommendations for policy and professional development to support English language learning among educators in Uzbekistan.

Adabiyotlar ma`lumotlariga ko'ra, surunkali jigar kasalliklarining tarqalganligi katta yoshdagi aholisi orasida, shu jumladan, AQShda ham ortib bormoqda. Boshqa tomondan, surunkali jigar kasalliklari bilan og'rigan bemorlarda yurak ishemik kasalligining tarqalganligi juda yuqori. YuIK va surunkali progressiv jigar shikastlanishi bilan og'rigan bemorlarda aorto-koronar shuntlashdandan so'ng operatsiyadan keyingi o'lim va kasallanish xavfi o`ta yuqoriligicha qolmoqda. Jigar shikastlanishi hamdosh bo'lgan YuIK bilan og`rigan  bemorlarda TOKA natijalari hali ham yaxshi o'rganilmagan.

Maqolada o‘quvchilarda yozma nutq ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishning samarali usullari tahlil qilinib, ona tili darslarida yozma nutqni rivojlantirish faqat grammatik bilimlar bilan cheklanmasligi, balki o‘quvchilarning erkin fikrlashi, mantiqiy izchillikda ifoda qilish qobiliyatini ham o‘stirishi zarurligi asoslab beriladi.

This article examines the semantic features of business terminology in English and Uzbek, highlighting how linguistic, cultural, and historical factors shape the development and usage of specialized vocabulary in both languages. It explores key semantic fields such as finance, marketing, management, and economics, comparing how these concepts are expressed and interpreted. The study emphasizes phenomena such as borrowing, polysemy, metaphor, and semantic shifts, particularly in translation. Special attention is given to the challenges of adapting global business concepts into Uzbek, a language still standardizing much of its modern economic vocabulary. The analysis also considers the cultural dimensions of business language, such as directness, politeness, and idiomatic expression. Through comparative and contextual analysis, the article underscores the importance of semantic awareness in translation, communication, and language planning, especially in multilingual and globalized business environments.

Ушбу мақолада жисмоний тайёргарликнинг спорт акробатикасидаги ўрни, унинг спортчи маҳоратини шакллантириш ва ривожлантиришдаги аҳамияти таҳлил қилинади. Машқ жараёнларида куч, чидамлилик, гибкость, тезлик ва мувофиқлаштириш қобилиятини ривожлантириш усуллари кўриб чиқилади.

Tarixiy tajriba asosida yosh avlod qalbida Vatanga sadoqat, jasorat, fidoyilik tuyg‘ularini shakllantirishning samarali usullari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, bugungi kunda ta’lim muassasalari, oilalar va jamoatchilik tomonidan amalga oshirilayotgan zamonaviy tarbiyaviy yondashuvlar haqida fikr yuritiladi.

This article analyzes contemporary problems of contract law in the agribusiness sector. In particular, it covers uncertainties in the conclusion of contracts, the legal status of contracts in electronic form, the lack of legal advice and the consequences of violating the terms of the contract. The author puts forward solutions and proposals based on shortcomings in practice. In particular, initiatives such as creating an electronic contract platform, increasing legal literacy for farmers and entrepreneurs, and resolving disputes through mediation are proposed.

Range Rover Sport – bu Land Rover kompaniyasining hashamatli va yuqori imkoniyatlarga ega bo‘lgan suv modeli bo‘lib, uning dizayni nafaqat funksional, balki chuqur estetik tadqiqotlar asosida yaratilgan. Avtomobilning tashqi va ichki ko‘rinishida “Nur va soyaning o‘yini” asosiy rol o‘ynaydi, chunki bu elementlar uning dinamik, premium va zamonaviy xarakterini shakllantirishga yordam beradi. 

The integration of educational technologies in preschool education plays a crucial role in developing socio-cultural competence among young learners. Socio-cultural competence involves the ability to understand, interact with, and respect different cultures and social contexts. As the world becomes more interconnected, it is essential for children to acquire these skills early in their development. Educational technologies, such as interactive apps, digital storytelling, multilingual resources, and collaborative platforms, provide rich, engaging experiences that promote cultural awareness, language development, social interaction, and critical thinking. These technologies create inclusive learning environments, offering personalized learning experiences that cater to the diverse needs of preschool learners. By fostering empathy, communication, and global awareness, educational technologies are essential tools in preparing children for a multicultural and socially diverse world. This article explores the significance of these technologies in enhancing socio-cultural competence in preschool education and highlights their potential to shape the next generation of global citizens.

Activities of Turkestan jadids, opening of jadid schools, manifestations of jadidism, Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov's life and work in jadidism, written works, Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov made many efforts in the path of enlightenment.

This study explores the transformative impact of digital technologies on language teaching practices in both formal and informal educational settings. As the integration of tools such as Learning Management Systems (LMS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), mobile applications, and virtual classrooms becomes more widespread, educators are facing new possibilities and pedagogical challenges. This paper critically examines these opportunities and obstacles through literature analysis and qualitative data from language educators. The research reveals that while digital tools promote student engagement, personalization, and access to diverse resources, their effectiveness depends heavily on digital literacy, pedagogical design, and institutional support systems.

In the evolving landscape of education, student-centered teaching strategies have emerged as powerful alternatives to traditional teacher-led approaches. These methods prioritize learner autonomy, engagement, and collaboration. This paper explores various student-centered techniques—such as project-based learning, flipped classrooms, and inquiry-based instruction—and evaluates their impact on learner motivation and academic achievement. Through a mixed-method study involving surveys, classroom observations, and educator interviews, the research illustrates the effectiveness of such approaches while also acknowledging the challenges of implementation in large, resource-constrained classrooms.

Ushbu maqolada yoshlarning ona tiliga bo‘lgan munosabatini shakllantirishda ota-onalarning tutgan o‘rni, ularning nutq madaniyati, oiladagi til muhiti, adabiyotga munosabati va zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalarining ta’siri o‘rganiladi. Ota-onaning o‘z ona tiliga e’tibori va ijtimoiy mas’uliyati, shuningdek, bu boradagi muammolar va ularning yechimlari tahlil qilinadi.

Ushbu maqolada “Oydinda yurgan odamlar” asaridagi graduonimlarning qisqacha ta‘rifi asardan olingan misollar bilan tanishib chiqamiz.

Bacillus subtilis бактериясининг озуқа муҳитларидаги ўсиш тезлиги ҳар хил муҳитнинг таркиби ва шароитига боғлиқ. Тадқиқотлар давомида Bacillus subtilis T2011 штаммининг турли углерод манбалари ва рН муҳитларини ўсиши, ривожланиши ва антифунгал бирикмалар ҳосил қилишига таъсири ўрганилди.

the article deals with the analysis of the context determined functional polysemy of discourse markers which help communicators during the processes of discourse generation, actualization and perception. The research is based on Russian and English academic speech and the materials of the National Russian Corpus. Functional polysemy, a characteristic feature of many discourse markers both in Russian and English, is realized on two levels – beyond the pragmatic functions of these words and within them.

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy jamiyat kontekstida pedagogik talqin va tadqiqotlarning o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Jamiyatning ijtimoiy va texnologik  o‘zgarishlari ta’lim tizimiga yangi talablar qo‘ymoqda, bu esa pedagogikaning nazariy va amaliy yo‘nalishlarini kengaytirishni taqozo etadi. Maqolada pedagogik talqinlarning zamonaviy yondashuvlari, jumladan konstruktivizm va humanizm, shuningdek, raqamli texnologiyalar asosida olib borilayotgan pedagogik tadqiqotlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, zamonaviy pedagogik tadqiqotlarning usullari, o‘zgarayotgan ta’lim jarayoni va uning muammolari tahlil qilinadi. Maqola ta’lim sifatini oshirish va pedagogik innovatsiyalarni joriy etish istiqbollarini ko‘rsatadi.

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) offers an innovative way to engage students in real-world problem-solving within educational contexts. By integrating PBL into English language lessons, educators can foster critical thinking, communication skills, and collaborative learning. This article explores the pedagogical advantages and challenges of implementing PBL in English language instruction. It also discusses the theoretical background, practical applications, and strategies for successful integration in the classroom. With PBL, students are not only equipped with language proficiency but also the essential skills for the 21st century.

Gamification, the integration of game design elements into non-game contexts, has gained significant attention in educational settings. This article explores the application of gamification strategies in English language instruction, emphasizing their potential to increase student motivation, engagement, and retention. By incorporating elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and interactive challenges, educators can create dynamic learning environments that cater to diverse learner needs. The article reviews existing research on gamification's effectiveness in language learning and provides practical suggestions for teachers aiming to implement these techniques in their classrooms. Overall, gamification presents a promising approach to making English lessons more interactive, enjoyable, and effective.

Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridagi maqollar madaniy, semantik va metaforik jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Maqollar xalq tafakkuri va madaniy merosining ifodasi sifatida ikki xil til va madaniyatda qanday aks etishi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Taqqoslash asosida o‘zbek va ingliz maqollarida ustuvor g‘oyalar, axloqiy qadriyatlar, obrazlar tizimi, ifoda uslubi va lingvokulturologik farqlar yoritiladi. Maqolada ayniqsa metaforik vositalar, diniy va dunyoviy elementlar, vaqtdan foydalanish, shaxsiy mas’uliyat, jamiyatga munosabat kabi madaniy komponentlarning aks etishi tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari til o‘rganish va tarjima jarayonida madaniyatlararo farqlarning e’tiborga olinishi zarurligini ko‘rsatadi.

Mazkur maqolada ingliz tilini o‘qitish jarayonida interaktiv metodlardan foydalanishning samaradorligi yoritilgan. Ta’lim jarayonini faollashtirish, o‘quvchilarning til ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish, darslarda ishtirokini oshirishda interaktiv yondashuvlarning imkoniyatlari tahlil etiladi. Muallif bu metodlar o‘quvchining fikrlash faoliyatini faollashtirish, mustaqil ishlashga o‘rgatish, kommunikativ kompetensiyani shakllantirishda qanday ahamiyat kasb etishini ko‘rsatadi. Tajribalar, kuzatuvlar va metodik adabiyotlarga tayanilgan holda taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqiladi.

Ushbu maqolada ona tilda savodxonlik darajasini oshirishning dolzarbligi va jamiyat taraqqiyotidagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Savodxonlik tushunchasining zamonaviy talqiniga to‘xtalib, uning nafaqat til madaniyati, balki shaxsiy rivojlanish, ijtimoiy faollik va milliy ongni shakllantirishdagi o‘rnini yoritadi.Ta’lim tizimida savodxonlikni rivojlantirishga doir taklif va tavsiyalar, yosh avlodda kitobxonlik madaniyatini shakllantirishning samarali usullari keltirilgan.