This article explores the key challenges faced by non-philological higher education institutions in teaching English as a vital communicative tool in the era of globalization. Although English is required across all professional fields, many institutions struggle with insufficient ESP-qualified teachers, low learner motivation, limited instructional hours, and a lack of profession-specific learning materials. The study also examines pedagogical gaps, including the insufficient use of communicative approach and digital technologies. Scientific and practical solutions are proposed, including the integration of discipline-specific content, enhancement of ESP teacher training, curriculum revision, development of profession-oriented tasks, and the implementation of effective methodologies, including TBLT, CBL, Task Functional Approach, CLT, and CALL. The article emphasizes aligning English instruction with students' future careers to ensure meaningful learning outcomes.