Ushbu maqolada voleybolning shakllanishi va rivojlanishi, uning o‘yin sifatida rivojlanishi, birinchi rasmiy musobaqalarning boshlanishi, o‘yin rivojlanishi bilan qoidalar o‘zgarishi ko‘rib chiqiladi. O‘yinchilarning texnik ko‘nikmalari ham muhokama qilinadi.

Ushbu maqolada bolalar adabiyotining vujudga kelishi, shuningdek Angliyada bolalar adabiyotining paydo bo‘lishi, tarixiy taraqqiyot boshqichlari va ikkinchi jahon urishidan so‘ng yangi bosqichga chiqishi bilan birgalikda, jahon bolalar adabiyotining rivojlanishiga qo‘shgan hissasi haqida ham aniq misollar bilan birga so‘z yuritilgan.

Irımlar tek ilimler payda bolmasınan aldınǵı irrocionallıq bilimlerma yaki ırımlarda logikalıq ilimlerge tiykarlanǵan racionallıq dáneshelerdi kóriwimiz múmkinba? Maqalamızdıń maqseti mádeniy hádiyselerden biri bolǵan ırım - shirimlerdiń payda bolıwı, qáliplesiwi, ırımlardıń insan tárepinen jaratılǵan mádeniyatqa tásirin úyreniw hám etnografiyadaǵı iri mekteplerdiń teoryaların úyrene otırıp, ilimiy jumısımızdı qaysi mektep teoryalarına tiykarlanıp alıp barsaq nátiyjeli bolıwın anıqlawǵa qaratılǵan. Soniń menen birge, etnografiya ilimindegi evolyucionizim, diffuzionizim, sociologlar mektebi, funkcionalistler, etnopsixologiya hám postmodernizm mektebi teoriyaların analizlew.

The intensification of genderology and the emergence of research in this area attract attention by their belonging to the culture of speech and serve as one of the factors of the emergence of research in this area. Because speech and speech culture differ in their differences in male and female gender. In male and female speech, Lison and word utilization also differ in their gender differences and, therefore, in their social status.

In all states, the problem of liability has had and still has its relevance. All areas of interaction between citizens are associated with responsibility. In order to analyze the concept of responsibility in depth, it is necessary to turn to the history of the emergence of the institution of the liability. This article analyses the history of the emergence of the institution of liability, its concept, and its role in the economic development of society.

В статье рассматривается история возникновения и этапы развития ТРИЗ (Теории решения изобретательских задач), основанной Генрихом Сауловичем Альтшуллером в середине XX века. Анализируются ключевые принципы и методы ТРИЗ, её эволюция от практической методики до полноценной научной дисциплины. Особое внимание уделяется роли ТРИЗ в современной системе инновационного мышления, а также её применению в различных отраслях науки, техники и образования.

The article deals with the scientific observation of the emergence of the synergy effect. Forms and conditions of emergence of synergy effects of industrial clusters have been determined. The synergistic effect was observed by abstracting the interdependence of the factors. A system of indicators was formed to evaluate the synergistic effect of the industrial cluster. A methodological approach to calculating the synergy effect of industrial clusters is proposed.

Настоящая статья посвящена исследованию истории возникновения и развития института следственного судьи в различных правовых системах. Анализируются предпосылки его появления, эволюция функций и полномочий, а также влияние социальных и политических факторов на формирование судебного контроля за следствием. Особое внимание уделяется развитию института в континентальной правовой системе, его роли в обеспечении защиты прав личности и законности уголовного процесса. Рассматриваются ключевые этапы формирования следственного судьи в Европе, в том числе во Франции, Германии и других странах. Делается вывод о значимости данного института в современной правовой системе и перспективах его совершенствования.

This аrticle examines the underlying psychological processes that contribute to the emergence and development of deviant behaviors in individuals. It examines the roles of cognitive distortions, emotional dysregulation, social learning, and identity formation in shaping behavior that deviates from societal norms. In the paper, the author suggests to combine sports activities with psycho-pedagogical interventions based on the principles of social learning.

The article is devoted to the emergence of children's folklore and its role in the life of a child, as well as the definition of the concept of folklore, children's folklore, traditions, history of origin and the first researchers of children's folklore. When a child is born, a loving mother talks to him, lulls him to sleep and sings lullabies, putting him to sleep, plays with his fingers and palms, saying simple quatrains. Any person knows and remembers at least one or two children's songs, jokes, counting cards, and sentences from childhood. All this is folklore, or rather, children's folklore.

The article illustrates the fundamental aspects of international organizations (IOs), analyzes historical outset of the emergence of the IOs as a subject of international law by discussing different opinions of scholars and international legal norms. The role of the 1648 Peace of Westphalia marking the start of modern international organizations is discussed and the relevant conclusions are elaborated. The work widely addresses to definitions and classifications of international organizations, discusses distinctions between IOs and NGOs in the light of current international relations.

This article provides detailed information about the emergence and development of the theater, the artists who contributed to the development of the Karakalpak theater, and the stage works performed by them.

The emergence of global digital communication networks has radically transformed the educational landscape and redefined the professional competence required of foreign language teachers. In addition to linguistic knowledge and pedagogical skills, educators today must possess the ability to navigate and integrate the linguocultural dimensions of online communication into their teaching practice. This paper explores how the distinctive features of internet linguoculture-multimodality, hybridization, and intercultural referencing—affect the formation of communicative and didactic abilities in teachers of foreign languages. Drawing on discourse analysis of online platforms and a survey of practicing English language teachers, the study demonstrates that participation in internet communication fosters adaptability, intercultural awareness, and innovative didactic strategies. The findings underscore the need for teacher education programs to incorporate training in digital discourse and intercultural online practices to ensure the development of comprehensive professional competence.

В данной статье рассматриваются особенности, происхождение, формирование и сфера применения идиом в английском и узбекском языках. Идиомы, как образные и образные выражения в языке, отражают уникальность каждого языка и культуры. Их возникновение и формирование зависят от социального и культурного развития, истории и отношений между обществами. В статье анализируются синтаксические, семантические и прагматические особенности идиоматических выражений в английском и узбекском языках.

This article is about the history of the emergence of psycholinguistics, which is one of the branches of linguistics. Psycholinguistics is a relatively new area of study, though interest in the mind-language relationship has a long history. And here we mentioned some  prominent scientists and their  works.

Linguistics is an independent science that studies the language of mankind, studies the emergence and development of language, language and thought, the relationship between language and society, the role of language in society, its internal structure - the classification of language, the methods of its analysis and the like. In this article, the abbreviations that are considered to be the part of linguistics, the concepts of abbreviation, the rules of their legalization, as well as the aspects of difference and similarity, are discussed.

В статье рассматривается цифровая трансформация экономики и её влияние на рынок труда в условиях глобализации. На основе анализа международных отчётов, научных публикаций и статистических данных раскрываются основные тенденции цифровизации, трансформация структуры занятости, появление новых профессий и изменение требований к компетенциям работников. Особое внимание уделено автоматизации, развитию платформенной занятости, росту спроса на цифровые навыки и рискам технологической безработицы. Сделан вывод о необходимости адаптации системы образования и государственной политики занятости к условиям цифровой экономики.

In this article, the dictionary meaning of the word "toponymics", processes and concepts such as the emergence, development and change processes of geographical names, the correct spelling and spelling of words, the meanings of the language lexicon, the adaptation and adaptation of toponymics to the national system are covered in a broad sense.

В данной статье частично говорится о науке перевод ведения, зарождении этой науки, процессе ее проникновения в узбекскую литературу и науку, а также об узбекских ученых, внесших свой вклад в ее развитие. Также в статье говорится о достижениях и недостатках переводческой науки, важности обращения внимания на художественные, научные и политические аспекты произведения, непереводимые слова или предложения, цитируется «Диван лугат ат-Тюрк» Махмуда Кашгари. в качестве примера и на основе фактов показаны недостатки его английского перевода. Автор представляет тот вариант перевода, который он считает правильным согласно своим научным исследованиям.

The emergence of political environment personality society came into being and always in one form or another accompanies its development. The study of political science is political institution and movements as well the way to understanding in politics itself starts. Politics and the nature of the state

Distributed Data Warehouses (DDWs) are sophisticated systems designed to store and manage large datasets across multiple locations, providing organizations with enhanced performance, scalability, and flexibility compared to traditional centralized data warehouses. The emergence of DDWs addresses the challenges posed by increasing data volumes and the need for real-time analytics, making them a crucial component of modern data management strategies. As businesses increasingly rely on data-driven decision-making, the significance of DDWs has grown, garnering attention from both industry practitioners and academic researchers alike.

This article describes an analysis of the titles of rulers in the history of the statehood of Ancient Central Asia. An analysis of the epigraphic data reveals that in the city-states of Central Asia, the functions of religious and secular authority were gradually merged into the hands of a single ruler. Thus, the rulers of Central Asia assumed the positions of military chief, chief judge, and leading priest. In time, various titles were combined to form the title of "Ruler of the four countries of the world." The article covers the history of the emergence and evolution of titles in the history of the statehood of Ancient Central Asia.

Neurolinguistics as a relatively young scientific discipline is an important area at the intersection of linguistics, neuropsychology and medicine. It offers a special approach to the analysis of clinical manifestations of speech disorders, such as aphasia, through the prism of linguistic categories and based on modern linguistic theories. The emergence of neurolinguistics became possible due to advances in the development of neuropsychology and psycholinguistics, which formed the foundation for the study of speech disorders as cognitive and neurophysiological phenomena.

This thesis investigates the dynamic landscape of e-commerce and online marketplaces, with a particular focus on the transformative role of digital platforms in reshaping consumer behavior. Over the past decades, e-commerce has experienced unprecedented growth, with its evolution closely intertwined with the emergence of online marketplaces. This research delves into the factors contributing to this growth, emphasizing the pivotal role of digital platforms such as social media, mobile applications, and recommendation engines.

For a more effective understanding of the legal relations of surrogacy, it is necessary to determine the structure of such legal relations. The article examines the basis for the emergence of legal relations of surrogate motherhood, gives an idea of the object of legal relations and the contract of surrogate motherhood, as well as the subject composition of such legal relations. The problems of the conceptual apparatus in this area are also considered and the need to reflect in the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan the relevant provisions on the regulation of legal relations of surrogate motherhood is justified.