The article provides data on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and preventive measures to reduce this pathology. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children has become a critical public health issue. According to the World Health Organization, most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing behavioral and environmental risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol and air pollution. However, recent studies have shown that the initial manifestations of these diseases observed as early as childhood and their progression during adolescence and young adulthood leads to disability and death at a young, working age.

Ushbu maqolada ijtimoiy xavf omillarining homila rivojlanishiga salbiy ta’siri va nuqsonli tug‘ilish xavfini oshiruvchi asosiy sabablar tahlil qilinadi. Atrof-muhitning ifloslanishi, ota-onalarning zararli odatlari, noto‘g‘ri ovqatlanish, stress va ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy sharoitlarning pastligi homila rivojlanishiga ta’sir qiluvchi muhim omillar sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada shuningdek, ijtimoiy xavf omillarining genetik va biologik risklar bilan o‘zaro ta’siri, homiladorlik davrida profilaktik choralar ko‘rish zaruriyati, ijtimoiy himoya va sog‘liqni saqlash tizimi faoliyatining ushbu jarayondagi roli yoritilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari homiladorlik davrida sog‘lom ijtimoiy muhitni ta’minlash va risklarni kamaytirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar ishlab chiqishga qaratilgan.

The article presents the results of a study of anamnestic, clinical and instrumental-laboratory data and factors from observation of 80 newborns with intrauterine infection and hemolytic disease of moderate and severe severity, who were hospitalized in the neonatal pathology department and the neonatal intensive care unit of the Samarkand Regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center in Samarkand. between 2021 and 2023.

Ushbu tadqiqot respirator-sintsitial virus (RSV) infeksiyasining bolalarda klinik kechishi, og‘irlik darajasi va gospitalizatsiya davomiyligiga ta’sir etuvchi xavf omillarini aniqlashga qaratilgan. Kuzatuvchi kohort tadqiqot Xorazm viloyati ko‘p tarmoqli markaziy bolalar shifoxonasida 2024–2025-yillar davomida RSV-infeksiya bilan gospitalizatsiya qilingan 39 nafar bolani qamrab oldi. RSV etiologiyasi polimeraza zanjir reaksiyasi va ekspress antigen testlari yordamida tasdiqlandi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, kasallik asosan 2 yoshgacha bo‘lgan bolalarda uchrab, og‘ir kechish ko‘proq 6 oylikdan kichik yosh guruhida qayd etildi. Og‘ir kechish yoshning kichikligi, muddatidan oldin tug‘ilish hamda hamroh surunkali kasalliklar bilan bevosita bog‘liq bo‘ldi. Bundan tashqari, gematologik, nerv-mushak va oshqozon-ichak tizimi kasalliklari shifoxonada uzoqroq qolish bilan sezilarli darajada bog‘liq ekanligi aniqlandi. Tadqiqot natijalari RSV-infeksiyasi xavf guruhidagi bolalarni erta aniqlash va klinik boshqaruvni takomillashtirish uchun muhim ahamiyatga ega.

Ushbu maqola metabolik sindrom bilan bog'liq xavf omillarini har tomonlama ko'rib chiqishni, ularning ta'sirini tahlil qilish uchun mavjud adabiyotlarga asoslanishni ta'minlaydi. Tadqiqot semirish, insulin qarshiligi, gipertoniya, dislipidemiya, harakatsiz turmush tarzi, genetika va ovqatlanish odatlari kabi turli omillarni o'rganadi. Shuningdek, ushbu xavf omillarining oldini olish va boshqarish uchun oqibatlari muhokama qilinadi

Ushbu maqola homiladorlik davridagi eng xavfli asoratlardan biri bo‘lgan preeklampsiyani (PE) I trimestrda barvaqt tashxislash va samarali profilaktika qilishning zamonaviy yondashuvlariga bag‘ishlangan. Ushbu maqolada preklampsiyaga olib keluvchi xavf omillarini aniqlash, ularni bartaraf etishning zamonaviy yondashuvlari va profilaktika usullari muhokama qilinadi. Maqolada preklampsiyaning asosiy xavf omillari, shuningdek, zamonaviy tibbiyotda qo‘llaniladigan diagnostik va terapevtik usullar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqotda statistik ma’lumotlar va xalqaro tadqiqotlar natijalari tahlil qilinadi. Preeklampsiya bilan bog‘liq xavflarni bartaraf etish uchun multidissipliner yondashuvlar, shuningdek, profilaktik choratadbirlar va zamonaviy tibbiy yondashuvlar muhim o‘rin tutadi. Bu maqola preeklampsiyani erta aniqlash va davolashga qaratilgan yangi strategiyalarni ishlab chiqishda va homilador ayollar uchun xavfning oldini olishda asosiy manba bo‘lishi mumkin.

Ushbu maqola erta yoshdagi bolalarda shifoxonadan tashqari pnevmoniyaning klinik-anamnestik xarakterikasiga bag‘ishlangan. Mualliflar tomonidan kasallikning profilaktik mezonlarini takomillashtirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan. Mualliflar takidlashicha, bolalarda xavf omillarining nojo‘ya ta’siri infeksion bronx-o‘pka kasalliklarning o‘sishiga  va  asoratlariga olib kelishi mumkin,  o‘z vaqtida bolalarda xavf omillari guruhini shakllantirish, kasallanishni oqibatini aniqlashga ularning asoratlarini kamayishiga olib keladi.

Mazkur tadqiqot Farg‘ona shahridagi maktab o’quvchilari orasida tish kariyesining tarqalish darajasini aniqlash va unga ta’sir qiluvchi asosiy xavf omillarini baholashga qaratilgan. Kesimiy epidemiologik tadqiqot doirasida 7–15 yoshdagi 420 nafar o‘quvchi klinik ko‘rikdan o‘tkazildi. Kariyes intensivligi DMFT indeksi asosida baholandi, qo‘shimcha ravishda og‘iz gigiyenasi odatlari va shirin mahsulotlar iste’moli bo‘yicha so‘rovnoma o‘tkazildi. Natijalarga ko‘ra, kariyesning umumiy tarqalishi 68,3% ni tashkil etdi. Yosh ortishi bilan kariyes intensivligi oshishi kuzatildi (p < 0,01). Shirin mahsulotlarni tez-tez iste’mol qilish va tishlarni muntazam tozalamaslik kariyes rivojlanishining asosiy xavf omillari sifatida aniqlandi (p < 0,001). Olingan natijalar maktab yoshidagi bolalar orasida profilaktik stomatologik dasturlarni kuchaytirish zarurligini ko‘rsatadi.

This article examines scientifically grounded approaches to the identification, assessment, and management of phytosanitary risks. The factors contributing to the spread of pests, pathogens, and invasive weeds that threaten plant health, as well as their economic, ecological, and social impacts, are analyzed. Methodological approaches are highlighted through the example of international phytosanitary risk analysis (PRA) standards and the effectiveness of national quarantine measures. The research results demonstrate that applying timely and properly assessed phytosanitary measures helps maintain plant health at both regional and international levels, increase crop yields, and ensure food security.

Ushbu maqolada reproduktiv yoshdagi ayollarda uchraydigan bachadon miomasining demografik dinamikalari, asosiy xavf omillari hamda dunyo mamlakatlari va O‘zbekiston hududlari o‘rtasidagi epidemiologik tafovutlar tahlil qilinadi. Mioma ayollar salomatligiga sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatuvchi, global miqyosda keng tarqalgan ginekologik kasallik bo‘lib, uning rivojlanishiga yosh, irsiyat, gormonal muvozanat, antropometrik ko‘rsatkichlar, reproduktiv tarix va hayot tarzi kabi bir qator omillar sabab bo‘ladi. Tadqiqotda turli mintaqalarda mioma uchrash tezligining farqlanishiga demografik tarkib, sog‘liqni saqlash infratuzilmasi, tashxis imkoniyatlari, ekologik sharoit va ijtimoiy omillarning ta’siri ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, O‘zbekiston misolida aholining reproduktiv salomatlik ko‘rsatkichlari, hududlararo statistik tafovutlar va oxirgi yillarda kuzatilayotgan epidemiologik o‘zgarishlar tahlil qilinadi. Maqola miomaning erta tashxislanishi, profilaktik yondashuvlar va reproduktiv salomatlikni muhofaza qilishda ilmiy asoslangan strategiyalarni ishlab chiqish uchun muhim xulosalar beradi.

Surunkali yurak yetishmovchiligi (SYY) va surunkali buyrak kasalligi (SBK) ko'pincha birgalikda mavjud bo'lib, odamlarning salomatligi va farovonligiga sezilarli ta'sir ko'rsatadi. Ikkala holat ham umumiy xavf omillari va patofizyologik mexanizmlarga ega, bu yurak va buyraklar o'rtasidagi murakkab o'zaro ta'sirga olib keladi. Ushbu maqolada SYY va SBK o'rtasidagi munosabatlar, ularning umumiy xavf omillari, bir holatning boshqasiga ta'siri va SYY va SBK bilan kasallangan shaxslarni boshqarish strategiyalari o'rganiladi.

Ushbu maqolada tibbiyot universiteti talabalarining o'qish paytida sog'lig'i holatidagi o'zgarishlarni o'z-o'zini baholash natijalari tavsiflanadi, kasallanishning asosiy sabablari tahlil qilinadi, kasalliklarning rivojlanishi uchun eng keng tarqalgan xavf omillari baholanadi, sog'liqni saqlash va sog'liqni saqlashni mustahkamlash bo'yicha chora-tadbirlar taklif etiladi

Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekistonda jinoyatchilikka qarshi kurashning ustuvor yo‘nalishlaridan biri bo‘lgan qasddan odam o‘ldirish jinoyatlarining maxsus profilaktikasini amalga oshirishda profilaktika inspektorlarining roli, vakolatlari va faoliyat mexanizmlari keng miqyosda tahlil qilinadi. So‘nggi yillarda davlat xavfsizligi, jamoat tartibini saqlash va fuqarolarning huquqlarini himoya qilishga qaratilgan huquqiy islohotlar jarayonida profilaktika inspektorlarining zimmasiga yuklangan majburiyatlar yanada oshgan bo‘lib, ayniqsa og‘ir jinoyatlarning oldini olish bo‘yicha tizimli va kompleks yondashuvni talab etadi. Maqolada mavjud normativ-huquqiy baza, idoralararo hamkorlikning real holati, aholining ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy holati bilan bog‘liq xavf omillari, oilaviy nizolar, zo‘ravonlikka moyillik, psixologik beqarorlik va boshqa risk faktorlarini erta aniqlash mexanizmlari chuqur o‘rganiladi. Yakunda profilaktika inspektorlarining faoliyatini raqamlashtirish, mahalla bilan integratsiyani kuchaytirish, xatarlarni prognozlash tizimini joriy etish va xizmat samaradorligini oshirish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqiladi.

Adenomiyoz reproduktiv yoshdagi ayollar orasida eng keng tarqalgan kasalliklardan biridir. Diagnostika sohasidagi yutuqlarga qaramay, ushbu populyatsiyada adenomiyoz bilan kasallanish bo'yicha epidemiologik ma'lumotlar bir-biriga zid bo'lib qolmoqda. Ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi tug'ish yoshidagi ayollarda adenomiyozning tarqalishi bo'yicha mavjud ma'lumotlarni tahlil qilish, shuningdek, xavf omillari va diagnostika xususiyatlarini baholashdir.

Ishemik infarct yurak mushaklarining qon bilan ta’minlanishi keskin kamayishi yoki to‘xtashi natijasida yuzaga keladigan og‘ir patologik holat bo‘lib, u o‘lim va nogironlikning eng asosiy sabablaridan biri hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada ishemik infarktning kelib chiqish sabablari, xavf omillari, erta aniqlash usullari hamda davolash samaradorligini oshirish yo‘llari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, zamonaviy diagnostika texnologiyalari va reabilitatsiya usullarining ahamiyati yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda klinik kuzatuvlar, laborator va instrumental tekshiruv natijalari asosida ishemik infarktni erta aniqlashning tibbiy va ijtimoiy foydalari haqida fikr yuritiladi. Maqolada shuningdek, sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirish, profilaktik choralar ko‘rish va aholining kardiologik savodxonligini oshirish orqali kasallikni kamaytirish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, erta tashxis va kompleks davolash yondashuvlari o‘lim darajasini sezilarli darajada kamaytiradi hamda bemorlarning hayot sifatini yaxshilaydi.

Autizmli bolalarga yordam berishning dolzarbligi bir necha omillar bilan belgilanadi:

• Yuqori va asta-sekin o'sib borayotgan tarqalish darajasi (aholining taxminan 1%)
• Klinik ko'rinishning murakkabligi va xilma-xilligi tufayli diagnostika va differentsial diagnostika qiyinchiliklari
• Mavjud terapevtik tuzatish yondashuvlarining samaradorligi yetarli emas.

This study, based on our own research and recent literature sources, investigates the risk factors influencing the development and progression of nephropathies (genetic, teratogenic, environmental). Timely identification of these factors and adherence to simple preventive measures (diet, fluid regimen, maintaining a favorable microclimate, eliminating infectious, toxic, and allergic influences, and correcting dysmetabolism) can prevent complications such as interstitial nephritis (IN), urolithiasis (UL), secondary dysmetabolism (SDM), and secondary pyelonephritis. Environmental factors contributing to the manifestation of pathology in children with metabolic disorders include seasonal climate changes—adaptation to low and high temperatures, dietary errors, emotional and physical overloads, membranopathies, and intercurrent diseases. It has been established that the presence of hidden diathesis in a child from a family with a predisposition to certain diseases (family history, hereditary burden index) can be determined using biochemical, immunological, and functional tests. A scheme for preventive and metafilactic measures for nephropathies in uric acid diathesis has been developed.

Ushbu maqolada premenopauza davridagi ayollarda osteoporoz rivojlanish chastotasining tahlili, dolzarb statistik ma’lumotlar, xavf omillari, zamonaviy diagnostika usullari va profilaktika bo‘yicha tavsiyalar keltirilgan. Ayniqsa, sinish xavfini kamaytirish va ushbu yoshdagi ayollarning hayot sifatini saqlash maqsadida o‘z vaqtida aniqlash hamda kompleks profilaktika choralari muhimligi ta’kidlangan.

Ushbu maqolada OIV infeksiyasining tarqalishiga ta’sir etuvchi asosiy ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy omillar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot rivojlangan va rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlar kesimida olib borilib, kambag‘allik, ta’lim darajasi, gender tengsizligi, migratsiya va sog‘liqni saqlash tizimi imkoniyatlari kabi omillarning OIV xavfiga ta’siri o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, stigma va diskriminatsiyaning kasallik profilaktikasi hamda davolash jarayonlariga salbiy ta’siri yoritiladi. Natijada, turli ijtimoiy kontekstlarda OIVning tarqalish mexanizmlari farqlanishi, ammo ayrim universal xavf omillari mavjudligi aniqlanadi. Tadqiqot natijalari OIV profilaktikasi bo‘yicha samarali ijtimoiy siyosat ishlab chiqishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada ma’muriy hududlarda kuzatilayotgan suitsid holatlarining oldini olishda profilaktika inspektorlarining roli, funksional vazifalari va xizmatlararo hamkorlik mexanizmlari chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Suitsidning yuzaga kelishiga sabab bo‘luvchi psixologik, ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va oilaviy omillar o‘rganilib, xavf guruhidagi shaxslarni aniqlash, ularni monitoring qilish hamda reabilitatsiya jarayonlarini takomillashtirishning yangi yondashuvlari taklif etiladi. Shuningdek, profilaktika inspektorining mahalla, psixologik xizmatlar, tibbiy tizim va ta’lim muassasalari bilan hamkorligi samaradorligi baholanadi. Tadqiqot natijalari integratsiyalashgan yondashuv suitsidning oldini olishda eng muhim omil ekanini ko‘rsatadi.

Endocrine diseases in school-age children have become a significant public health concern due to their long-term implications on growth, development, and overall well-being. Factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental influences, nutritional imbalances, and lifestyle choices contribute to the increasing prevalence of endocrine disorders, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypothyroidism, and growth hormone deficiencies. Effective prevention strategies include early screening programs, public health initiatives promoting healthy nutrition and physical activity, and increasing awareness among parents and educators. This paper explores the key risk factors associated with endocrine diseases in children and examines preventive measures based on recent research and policy recommendations.

Environmental pollution has emerged as one of the most critical determinants of global health, particularly affecting maternal and fetal outcomes. In recent decades, the increasing incidence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in newborns has been strongly associated with environmental risk factors such as air pollution, exposure to heavy metals, pesticides, and maternal lifestyle changes. This paper investigates the relationship between environmental determinants and the pathogenesis of CHDs, emphasizing the growing burden in developing countries. The study reviews international and national data, identifying gaps in environmental health regulation and maternal healthcare policies. Preventive measures—including enhanced air quality control, maternal health education, and prenatal screening—are discussed as essential components of an integrated global strategy. The findings underline the urgent need for intersectoral collaboration between environmental, public health, and policy-making institutions to protect future generations from environmentally induced congenital heart diseases.

Malignant tumors of the uterus, primarily endometrial cancer (EC), are one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors. The prognosis of uterine cancer and the survival of patients largely depend on the stage of the disease, which is determined based on the results of histological examination and surgical intervention. There are negative prognostic factors that have a statistically significant impact on the long-term treatment outcomes of patients with uterine cancer of clinical stages I-III, including: clinical stage, age, depth of tumor invasion into the myometrium, tumor size and degree of differentiation, the presence of tumor embolism, detection of tumor cell emboli in the blood and lymphatic vessels of the myometrium, in the abdominal cavity, dissemination and lymphogenous metastases. Metastases in the lymph nodes are the most important prognostic factor for early-stage uterine cancer.

Ushbu maqolada atrof-muhit ifloslanishining asosiy geografik omillari tahlil qilingan. Xususan, tabiiy-geografik sharoitlar, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy faoliyatlar va texnogen jarayonlarning ifloslanish darajasiga ta’siri o‘rganilgan. Har bir omilning ekologik muhitga ko‘rsatgan bevosita va bilvosita ta’siri hududiy misollar asosida yoritilgan. Maqolada ifloslanish manbalarini aniqlashda geografik yondashuvning ahamiyati asoslab berilgan va ekologik barqarorlikni ta’minlash uchun tavsiyalar berilgan.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) represents a significant global health concern, with a multifactorial pathogenesis involving various risk factors. Among these, hyperhomocysteinemia has emerged as a potentially modifiable risk factor requiring particular attention. This article examines the specific features of CHD in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia, addressing its epidemiological significance, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical implications. The review summarizes contemporary literature to elucidate how elevated homocysteine levels can lead to atherosclerosis, thrombosis, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction. Furthermore, it discusses diagnostic challenges and therapeutic strategies for managing CHD in individuals with hyperhomocysteinemia. Understanding these aspects is critical for optimizing preventive measures and treatment strategies aimed at reducing the global burden of CHD associated with elevated homocysteine levels.