This study analyzes the conceptual foundations, architectural structure, and innovative development directions of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The IoT concept is aimed at integrating physical objects into the digital environment through hardware and software tools, as well as ensuring automated control based on information exchange between them. The IoT architecture consists of the sensing (sensor), network (data transmission), and application layers, and the close interconnection among these layers enhances the efficiency of data collection, transmission, and processing processes [1]. Furthermore, according to the research findings, the innovative development of IoT technologies is characterized by the widespread adoption of wireless communication technologies such as RFID, NFC, Bluetooth Low Energy, ZigBee, and LoRaWAN, as well as their deep integration with artificial intelligence (AI), fog computing, and edge computing solutions. As a result, IoT technologies are emerging as a key factor in forming an energy-efficient digital infrastructure that improves efficiency and ensures security in smart cities, healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and industrial systems