This article analyzes the pedagogical and psychological approaches to developing professional competence in students. The theoretical foundations of competence (Boyatzis, Shulman, Kolb, Goleman, Maslow, Kegan, Mezirow) are discussed, and the structure and components of professional competence (knowledge, practical skills, personal qualities, socio-psychological skills) are detailed. Pedagogical and psychological methods, integrative approach, and practical recommendations are provided. Educational legislation, is also considered.