Eurasian Journal of Academic Research

Ushbu maqolada inson kapitalining milliy iqtisodiyotdagi o‘rni va uning raqobatbardoshlikni oshirishdagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Inson kapitali tarkibi ta’lim, salomatlik, malaka va raqamli ko‘nikmalar kabi jihatlardan iborat bo‘lib, ularning rivoji iqtisodiy samaradorlikni ta’minlaydi. Ta’lim tizimini modernizatsiya qilish, tibbiyot xizmatlarini yaxshilash va texnologik savodxonlikni oshirish inson kapitalini rivojlantirishning muhim yo‘nalishlari sifatida ko‘rsatilgan. Innovatsion iqtisodiy modelga o‘tish va ishchi kuchini global talablar asosida moslashtirish orqali iqtisodiy o‘sish va ijtimoiy barqarorlikka erishish mumkinligi ta’kidlangan. Mazkur maqola inson kapitalini rivojlantirishning milliy iqtisodiyot uchun strategik ahamiyatini ko‘rsatadi.

Инсон тафаккури натижасида, Фан ва технологияларнинг жадал суръатлар билан ривожланиши, ҳар бир соҳага янгиликни олиб кирмоқда. Бу янгиликларнинг пайдо бўлишида инсониятнинг мустақил ўз устида ишлашининг ҳам ўз улуши бордир. Талабаларнинг ўқиш жараёнларини Давлат таълим стандартлари ва талаблари асосида олиб бориш натижаси касбий кўникмаларини шакллантиришдир.

Ilm-fan va innovatsion texnologiyalar sohasidagi jadal rivojlanish jamiyat hayotining barcha jabhalariga ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda, ammo bu jarayon bir qator zamonaviy muammolarni ham keltirib chiqarmoqda. Ushbu ishda atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish, sun’iy intellektdan foydalanishdagi axloqiy masalalar, genetik muhandislikning ijtimoiy oqibatlari kabi dolzarb muammolar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shu bilan birga, qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalaridan foydalanish, adolatli tartibga solish tizimlarini yaratish va fanlararo yondashuvlarni qo‘llash kabi samarali yechimlar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda global hamkorlikning ahamiyati va texnologik savodxonlikni oshirish zarurati ta’kidlanadi, shuningdek, innovatsiyalar insoniyat manfaatiga xizmat qilishi uchun xavf-xatarlarni kamaytirish usullari ko‘rsatiladi.

This article examines the importance and effectiveness of establishing educational and research complexes in the education system. Such complexes serve as a platform that integrates education, science, and practice, playing a vital role in training qualified specialists and implementing innovations. The article analyzes the principles of their organization, efficiency evaluation criteria, and the experiences and prospects in Uzbekistan.

The article is devoted to the development and characteristics of mobile education as a form
of distance education. The article analyzes the main factors ensuring the popularity of mobile education, such
as the development of mobile technologies, access to the Internet, and the rapid expansion of the capabilities
of educational programs. The problems that teachers and students face when using mobile devices in the
educational process are considered, including limited screen space, the need to adapt content, as well as issues
of security and data protection. The article also discusses the prospects of mobile education, including its
integration with other modern methods of distance education, the use of artificial intelligence to personalize
education, as well as possible changes in the education system in connection with the further development of
mobile technologies.

The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a transformative shift in technological innovation, enabling advanced capabilities for interconnected systems across industries. However, this integration also introducer critical challenges that demand immediate attention. IoT ecosystems face significant cybersecurity vulnerabilities due to their expansive attack surface and inconsistent security protocols. Scalability issues arise as billions of devices generate massive amounts of data, placing unprecedented strain on existing network infrastructures. Additionally, interoperability gaps stemming from fragmented ecosystems and proprietary technologies hinder seamless communication between devices, limiting the potential of IoT. Moreover, the environmental impact of large-scale IoT deployment raises concerns regarding energy consumption, electronic waste, and sustainability. AI-driven solutions offer promising strategies to address these challenges. By leveraging predictive analytics, machine learning, and edge computing, AI enhances cybersecurity, optimizes scalability, and facilitates interoperability in IoT systems. Furthermore, AI promotes sustainability through intelligent energy management and lifecycle optimization of IoT devices

Ushbu maqolada raqamli texnologiyalar asosida o‘quvchilarning axborot kompetentligini rivojlantirish orali zamonaviy kasblarga yo‘naltirshdagi ilmiy ahamiyati sifatida “Kasblarga yo‘naltirishdagi axborotlar bilan kompetensiyasi”, “Kelajak kasblarni tanlashda axborot kompetentligini rivojlantirish”, “Kasbiy sohalarga integrasiyalash maqsadlaridagi axborot kompetentligini rivojlantirishning pedagogik muommolari” kabi tushunchalarni ilmiy tahlil qilish bilan mavzud adabiyotlarni o‘rganildi va muammolarni aniqlashni maqsad qilindi.

Ushbu maqolada Big Data texnologiyalarining fan va ta‟lim sohalarida, ayniqsa dasturlash fanida qo„llanilish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Katta ma'lumotlardan foydalanish orqali ta‟lim jarayonlarining samaradorligini oshirish, shaxsga moslashtirilgan oqitish tizimlarini yaratish va ilmiy tadqiqotlarda yangi bilimlar ochilishi mumkinligi ko„rsatib beriladi. Shuningdek, maqolada Big Data
texnologiyalarining O„zbekistonda raqamli ta‟lim va fan taraqqiyotiga ta‟siri batafsil yoritilgan. Tajriba sinovlari orqali bu texnologiyalarning dasturlash fanida amaliy qo„llanilishi tahlil qilinib, moslashtirilgan yondashuvlar taklif etilgan

Maqola sun'iy intellekt texnologiyalarining ta'lim jarayonini qanday samarali va individual ehtiyojlarga moslashtirish orqali yaxshilashi mumkinligini o'rganadi. Sun'iy intellekt asosidagi adaptiv o'quv tizimlari o'quvchilarning bilim olish jarayonini shaxsiylashtirish, motivatsiyasini oshirish va ta'lim samaradorligini oshirish imkoniyatlarini ko'rsatadi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko'rsatadiki, bu tizimlar individual qobiliyat va ehtiyojlarni hisobga olgan holda ta'lim dasturlarini moslashtiradi va natijalarni real
vaqt rejimida kuzatish imkonini beradi. Shuningdek, bu tizimlar o'quvchilarning kuchli va zaif tomonlarini aniqlab, ularga individual yordam ko'rsatadi. Natijada, o'quvchilarning bilim olish samaradorligi oshadi va ta'lim jarayoni qiziqarliroq bo'ladi. Maqolada, shuningdek, sun'iy intellektning ta'lim tizimiga texnologik integratsiyasi va innovatsiyalarni kiritishdagi roli ham tahlil qilinadi.

This article examines the problem of developing the educational environment using digital technologies. The use of modern technologies in the educational process is aimed at increasing the effectiveness of education, diversifying teaching methods and developing students' knowledge and skills. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of digital technologies and their impact on the educational environment. It also provides recommendations for the effective use of digital technologies by educational institutions

This article is dedicated to exploring the importance, challenges, and proposed solutions for Big Data (large-scale data) technologies in Uzbekistan. Big Data technologies offer the potential to increase efficiency in various sectors, including the economy, public administration, education, and more.However, the development of these technologies in Uzbekistan faces several challenges, such as underdeveloped infrastructure, a lack of skilled specialists, financial constraints, and weak data security. The
article proposes solutions to these issues, including the development of infrastructure, workforce training, fostering collaboration between the public and private sectors, and localizing international best practices.These approaches will contribute to the effective implementation of Big Data technologies and help Uzbekistan achieve high results in the digital economy

Insoniyat tarixida ilm-fan va texnologiya taraqqiyoti hech qachon bugungi kabi tez
sur'atlarda rivojlanmagan. Bu taraqqiyot bizga hayot sifatini oshirish, yangi imkoniyatlarni yaratish va
murakkab muammolarni hal qilishda katta yordam beradi. Biroq, bu taraqqiyotning o'zi yangi muammolarni
ham keltirib chiqarmoqda. Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy muammolarning ba'zilarini va ularni ilm-fan va
innovatsion texnologiyalar yordamida hal qilish yo'llarini muhokama qilamiz.

In the article two different functional modules were organised to solve emblem
recognition problems (classification and clustering). The first functional module represents the formation of
basic reference objects through quality learning selection. In the second functional module parallel
computing scheme is proposed using the capabilities of the technical resource of modern computers for
optimizing the computational process. As a result, an opportunity to quickly analyze large amounts of
information is created

This article examines the pedagogical, psychological, social and economic factors used in
the development of economic information competence of economics students

В данной статье рассмотренно необходимость совершенствования материально
технической базы и создания образовательных ресурсов для развития цифровой педагогики.
Анализируются вопросы оснащения образовательных учреждений современным оборудованием,
создания электронных образовательных ресурсов, использования онлайн-образовательных платформ
и финансирования. Также показана важность обеспечения учителей цифровыми навыками
повышения их квалификации. Подчеркивается, что благодаря обеспечение учителей цифравыми
навыками и повышение их квалификации важны, потому что позволяет повысить качество
образования и широко внедрить инновационные технологии. Целью статьи является изучение роли
цифровой педагогики в повышении эффективности образования

This article discusses various innovative ways of teaching foreign languages, such as
incorporating technology, real-world experiences, project-based learning, storytelling, and gamification. The
author highlights the importance of adapting teaching methods to meet the diverse needs of students and
engage them in the language learning process. By embracing these innovative approaches, educators can
create a dynamic and engaging learning environment that fosters language proficiency and cultural
competence

The proposed article presents a semantic, quantitative and linguocultural analysis of
paroemias in the system of kinship relations of the English and Uzbek languages, which allows us to explain
the differences in behavior, mental and emotional characteristics of images in different linguistic cultures.
For the first time, the study attempts to detect and describe the cultural and national specifics of stereotypes
based on the material of the paroemias of two different-structured unrelated languages, which constitutes the
scientific novelty of the study

The article identifies innovative approaches to improving the quality and efficiency of professional competence of future IT specialists based on IT technologies. The scientific sources of domestic and foreign researchers are analyzed.

Abu Mansur ibn Zaylan is one of the musicologists of the 10th century who lived in Khorezm. His Kitabu-l-Kafi fi Muzyka (The Complete Book of Music) is one of the most important pieces of music of its time and contains many theoretical ideas and scientific views on musicology. This work is devoted to the study of the theoretical aspects of music, its history and technique, as well as various forms of
music.

Virtual reallik (VR) texnologiyalari soniyalarda haqiqiy hayotni imitatsiya qilish imkonini beradi va foydalanuvchini simulyatsiyaga chuqur kirishga undaydi. VR texnologiyalarida asosiy hisoblangan matematik modellar haqiqiy ko‘rinish va foydalanuvchining interaktivligini ta’minlashga xizmat qiladi. Ushbu maqolada VR texnologiyalari uchun asosiy matematik modellar, ular bilan ishlashning
matematik asoslari, va algoritmik yondashuvlar tahlil qilinadi.

Inson idrokining asosiy jihati bo‘lgan vaqtni idrok etish tarixan zeitgebers¹ deb
nomlanuvchi atrof-muhit belgilari bilan o'zaro ta'sirimiz natijasida shakllanadi. Bu signallar bizning biologik
soatlarimizni tabiiy dunyo bilan sinxronlashtirishga xizmat qiladi. Bu signallar samoviy jismlarning ulkan
harakatlaridan tortib soatning ritmik chalinishigacha bo‘lgan oraliqda bo‘lib, ularning har biri bizning
atrofimizdagi voqealarni tushunish va kutishimizga yordam beradi. Bu hodisalarni idrokni birliklari sifatida
ko‘rish mumkin, ularning o‘zgaruvchanligi, zichligi, sinxronligni olndindan xis qila bilish imkoniyati mavjud.
Bizning vaqt haqidagi tushunchamiz psixologik va hissiy kontekstlar bilan chuqur bog‘langan. Soatlar
kabi ma'lum zeitgeberlar bilan bog'lanish ularning vaqt hisoblagichlari sifatidagi funktsional rolidan
tashqariga, ko‘pincha bizning hissiy holatimizga ta'sir qilishi mumkin bo‘lgan oqibatlarga olib keladi, masalan
vaqtga ko‘p etibor berilishi ortidan vaqqt juda sekin o’tayotgandek tuyiladi va bu stressni keltirib chiqaradi.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasi bank tizimi va uning tarkibi, rivojlanish
bosqichlari, mavjud muammolar va ularning yechimlari tahlil qilinadi. Bank tizimining asosiy tuzilmalari,
Markaziy bank va tijorat banklarining funksiyalari hamda xalqaro banklar bilan aloqalar ko‘rib chiqiladi.
O‘zbekiston Respublikasining "Banklar va bank faoliyati to‘g‘risidagi qonuni" va "Markaziy bank
to‘g‘risidagi qonun" ning yangi tahrirlaridagi o‘zgarishlar va Prezident farmonlari tahlil etiladi. Maqolada
shuningdek, O‘zbekiston bank tizimining global iqtisodiyot bilan integratsiyasining ahamiyati va istiqbollari
keltiriladi.

This article investigates discourse as an important multidisciplinary topic, focusing on its function in constructing social structures, identities, and ideologies. The article chronicles the history of discourse studies, using linguistics, psychology, and social sciences to examine the link between language and power. Discourse is classified into two types: written and spoken, emphasizing its importance in communicating and sustaining social norms. The paper also discusses the methodology of discourse analysis (DA).

XV-asrning oxirida rivojlanayotgan zamonaviy Ispaniya chet elda yangi savdo yo'llarini qidirishga to'liq sodiq bo'ldi. 1492 yilda Kristofer Kolumbning ekspeditsiyasi G'arbiy Afrika dengiz yo'llarida Portugaliya monopoliyasini chetlab o'tib, "Hind orollari" ga erishish umidida moliyalashtirildi.1492 yil 3 avgust kuni kechqurun Kolumb uchta kema bilan Palos de la Fronteradan jo'nab ketdi. 1492 yil 12-oktabrda er ko'rilgan va Kolumb orolni (hozirgi Bagama orollari) San-Salvador deb atagan va u "G'arbiy Hindiston" deb o'ylagan. Birinchi Amerika sayohatidan so'ng Kolumb yana uchta sayohat qildi.Ispanlar va portugallar o'rtasidagi ziddiyatga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun ta'sirni taqsimlash zarur bo'ldi. 1494 yilda Tordesilla shartnomasi dunyoni ikki kuch o'rtasida bo'lish to'g'risida kelishuvga erishildi.Kolumbdan keyin Amerika qit'asining ispan mustamlakasi konkistadorlar deb nomlangan bir qator askar-tadqiqotchilar tomonidan boshqarilgan. Ispaniya qo'shinlari muhim qurollanish va ot sporti afzalliklaridan tashqari, mahalliy xalqlar, qabilalar va millatlar o'rtasidagi raqobatdan foydalangan.Eng muvaffaqiyatli konkistadorlardan biri Ispaniyaning Aztek imperiyasini bosib olishiga erishgan Hernan Kortes edi. Fransisko Pizarro davrida Ispaniyaning Inka imperiyasini bosib olishi ham bir xil ahamiyatga ega edi. 1565 yilda Filippinda birinchi doimiy ispan posyolkasi tashkil etildi, bu imperiyaga muhim Osiyo postini qo'shdi. Manilla Galleonlari butun Osiyodan, Tinch okeani orqali Meksika sohilidagi Akapulkoga tovarlarni jo'natishdi.

Ushbu maqoladа dostonlаr leksikаsining yаnа bir аsosiy vаzifаlаridаn biri - bаdiiy uslubiy vаzifаsi хususidа to‘хtаlаmiz. Ya’ni, dostonning bаdiiyligini, uning bаdiiy-estetik tа’sirini tа’minlаshgа хizmаt qiluvchi bаdiiy tаsvir vositаlаri - troplаr (ko‘chimlаr) sifаtidа qo‘llаnishi, ulаrning doston tilidа tutgаn o‘rni vа vаzifаsi izohlаnаdi

Ushbu maqoladа dostonlаr leksikаsining yаnа bir аsosiy vаzifаlаridаn biri - bаdiiy uslubiy vаzifаsi хususidа to‘хtаlаmiz. Ya’ni, dostonning bаdiiyligini, uning bаdiiy-estetik tа’sirini tа’minlаshgа хizmаt qiluvchi bаdiiy tаsvir vositаlаri - troplаr (ko‘chimlаr) sifаtidа qo‘llаnishi, ulаrning doston tilidа tutgаn o‘rni vа vаzifаsi izohlаnаdi.

This article examines methods for visualizing road markings using 3D modeling technology. This technology plays a crucial role in improving road safety. The research results can be practically applied to enhance visualization efficiency and develop precise modeling algorithms.

This article explores the challenges facing the modern education system, alongside the opportunities and prospects for overcoming these obstacles. By identifying key issues and potential solutions, we can better understand how to navigate the evolving landscape of education. Moreover, this article is described modern types of innovative technology which is implemented in many spheres of education system.

This article presents the technology used in teaching speaking and its effects to students as they learn to speak in English. Results revealed that students are taught to speak in English using the technologies of today such as video conferencing, email correspondence, social media interaction and real time actual emceeing and onstage speaking performances where students are engaged in real academic and professional situations. Apparently, the researcher found that the technology used in teaching speaking can be aligned with the communicative way of teaching which allows students to convey themselves in a skillful and competent way of communication.

Ushbu maqola mashinali o‘qitish algoritmlari asosida tibbiy tasvirlarni aniqlash usullariga bag‘ishlangan. Bundan tashqari maqolada tibbiy tasvirlar, tasvirlarni mashinali o‘qitish algoritmlarining segmentatsiya, klassifikatsiya va chuqur o‘qitish usullari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, nazoratli o‘qitish usuli asosida zararlangan hududni aniqlash muammosi ko‘rib chiqilgan.

The A* algorithm is a well-established search method that has been widely utilized in the pathfinding research community. Its strengths—efficiency, simplicity, and modularity—distinguish it from other pathfinding tools. Because of its proven effectiveness and adaptability, A* has become a popular choice among researchers looking to address complex pathfinding challenges. Its comprehensive approach allows for effective navigation in various applications, from robotics to video games, making it a cornerstone in the field of pathfinding research. This paper investigates the application of the A* algorithm in solving pathfinding problems, focusing on its effectiveness and efficiency in various environments

This article explores the integration of technology in language education, examining its effectiveness in language acquisition, the challenges faced by educators and learners, and offering recommendations for improvement. Technology has become a pivotal tool in modern education, reshaping traditional teaching methodologies. By examining various ICT tools, such as computer-assisted instruction (CAI), mobile applications, and multimedia resources, this article discusses how these tools influence language learning outcomes. Drawing on survey data, case studies, and scholarly literature, it emphasizes the evolving role of technology in enhancing language acquisition, its impact on student motivation and engagement, and the associated challenges that need to be addressed.

The article is devoted to the importance of bilingualism in learning a foreign language. There is a significant influence of bilingualism on the development of children’s cognitive skills and abilities. In addition, it is mentioned that bilingualism helps one to increase his critical and creative thinking which may aid a learner to learn a language effectively and easily. There are given some examples of how bilingualism can have a positive effect on language improvement and children education. Bilingualism plays a significant role in enhancing children's cognitive development. Research shows that children who are exposed to two or more languages at an early age develop superior cognitive abilities compared to their monolingual peers. Bilingual children often exhibit improved executive functions, such as problem-solving, attention control, and task-switching. The process of switching between languages strengthens the brain’s cognitive flexibility, fostering better memory retention and multitasking skills. Moreover, bilingualism enhances metalinguistic awareness, which helps children understand the structure of language more profoundly. This ability to think in multiple languages not only contributes to better academic performance but also helps children develop stronger social skills. Despite the challenges bilingual children might face in terms of language acquisition, the long-term cognitive benefits outweigh the initial difficulties, making bilingualism a valuable asset in their cognitive and academic growth

Different approaches to the description of linguistic units, in particular, service words are being examined. The author substantiates the status of polyfunctional function words as a special class, identifies the criteria for including units in this class.The status of polyfunctional words as a special class is substantiated. The principles of description system of polyfunctionality, service words on on the basis of polyfunctionality/ polysemantics/monosemantics. It has been established that the proposed approach allows describing other units of the language system (service and full denominative), which meets the need for an integrative description of the language system.

Ushbu maqola zamonaviy ilm-fan va innovatsion texnologiyalarning jamiyat hayotidagi o‘rni, muammolari va istiqbollariga bag‘ishlangan. Hozirgi davr texnologik rivojlanishning yuksak bosqichiga ko‘tarilgan bir paytda, sun’iy intellekt (AI), biotexnologiya va kvant hisoblash texnologiyalari insoniyat taraqqiyotining muhim vositalariga aylanmoqda. Maqolada ushbu yo‘nalishlarning nazariy asoslari, texnologiyalarning qo‘llanilish sohalari va ularning jamiyatga ijobiy ta’siri keng yoritilgan.Muallif AI yordamida tibbiyot, ta’lim va transport sohalarida amalga oshirilayotgan yutuqlarni ko‘rsatib, bu texnologiyalarni mas’uliyat bilan boshqarish zarurligini ta’kidlaydi. Shuningdek, biotexnologiyaning gen terapiyasi, sun’iy organlar ishlab chiqarish, ekologik barqarorlikni ta’minlash kabi sohalardagi muhim roli ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Kvant hisoblash texnologiyalarining ilmiy tadqiqotlar, shifrlash va katta ma’lumotlarni qayta ishlashdagi afzalliklari tahlil qilinib, ushbu texnologiyaning kelajakdagi yutuqlarga asos bo‘lishi ta’kidlanadi

Maqola zamonaviy texnologiyalarning muammolarini ham yoritadi, jumladan, axborot xavfsizligi, ekologik tahdidlar, texnologik tengsizlik va etik masalalarga e’tibor qaratiladi. Ushbu muammolarni hal qilish uchun global hamkorlik, yangi yondashuvlar va ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha takliflar berilgan.

Maqola ilm-fan va texnologiyalarni barqaror rivojlantirish, ijtimoiy adolatni ta’minlash va ekologik xavfsizlikni saqlash orqali jamiyatni global farovonlikka olib borish yo‘llarini ko‘rsatadi. Ushbu mavzu bo‘yicha tadqiqotlar texnologik yuksalishni davom ettirish uchun mustahkam asos yaratadi.

The article presents a cognitive model of competence in the form of an oriented weighted graph, identifies systemic characteristics of competence, and uses information entropy to determine the degree of significance of the studied disciplines. Based on the cognitive model, a procedure for assessing the level of competence has been developed using an integral criterion, which takes into account the degree of assimilation of disciplines at a given point in time and the degree of their influence on the formation of competence. It also introduces the concept of the life cycle of competence, which consists of three stages, for each of which an algorithm has been developed tracking the degree of competency development A set of suggestions is put forth to restructure the current system of planning and overseeing the execution of the primary educational program, as well as to increase the functionality of software modules utilized in automated university management systems, based on the scoring evaluations of the university rating system

The article describes how to teach English as a foreign language utilizing STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) technology. It demonstrates how integrating STEAM technology into English classes may offer a comprehensive educational experience that encourages critical thinking, creativity, and interdisciplinary relationships. An inventive method of instruction and learning is the incorporation of STEAM technology into English classes. By encouraging creativity, critical thinking, teamwork, and digital literacy, STEAM technologies—which are typically linked to technological and scientific fields—can improve English instruction. This article examines the ways in which STEAM technologies are changing the face of English instruction. Here are a few suggestions for using STEAM technologies into English classes. The foundation of contemporary methods, as well as proposals and ideas for improving the information methodological support

Ko’plab iqtisodiy masalalrni yechishning asosiy usullaridan biri matritsalar algebrasining elementlarini qo'llanilishidir. Matritsalar algebrasi iqtisodchilar uchun nihoyatda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Buning sababi shundaki, iqtisodiy ob'ektlar va jarayonlarning ko'pgina matematik modellari juda oddiy va ixcham holda matritsa shaklida qayd qilinadi.

This article discusses the semantic oppositional relationship of synonymous paradigms.
Scientific views on this issue in Uzbek and world linguistics are discussed. The manifestation of semantic
opposition in synonymous paradigms, the ability of each lexical unit in a certain synonymous paradigm to
form an oppositional relationship with each lexical unit in another synonymous series that is semantically
opposite to it, is illustrated on the basis of examples. Since the article deals with the contradiction of
synonymous paradigms belonging to different categories, attention is also paid to the issue of the semantic
core in synonymous paradigms.

Aholini statistik o‘rganishning iqtisodiy-ijtimoiy jihatlari juda ko‘p bo‘lib, iqtisodiy tarmoqlarning rivojlanishida ishchi kuchi sifatida qatnashadigan aholi, bozorlarda iste'molchi vazifasini ham bajarishi yuqoridagi jihatlardan eng asosiylari hisoblanadi

Maqolada O„zbekiston turizimi, o„zining boy madaniyati, tarixiy obidalari va tabiiy go„zalliklari bilan mashhurdir. O„zbekiston Respublikasining turizim salohiyati va jahonning rivojlangan davlatlari bilan turizim sohasidagi aloqalari dalillar asosida ko„rasatib bergan.

Maqolada O‘zbekiston turizimi, o‘zining boy madaniyati, tarixiy obidalari va tabiiy go‘zalliklari bilan mashhurdir. O‘zbekiston Respublikasining turizim salohiyati va jahonning rivojlangan  davlatlari bilan turizim sohasidagi aloqalari dalillar asosida ko‘rasatib bergan.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada raqamli texnologiyalar elementi sifatida mobil ilova olingan. Bunda xozirgi kun messengerlaridan Telegram ilovasida talabalarning mutaxasislik fanidan biri Web dasturlashga kirish fanidan talabalarni baholash haqida ilmiy qarashlar zamonaviy ta’lim ped texnologiyalaridan Vizual dasturlash metodi asosida dastur tuzishning sodda va tushunarli usuli va messenger orqali baholash usulidan misol keltirilgan. Bu usul natijasi diagramma ko’rinishidagi statistik tahlilini ko’rish mumkin .

Ushbu maqolada jadidchilik harakati va jadidlar zamonida o’zbek adabiyotiga hissa qo’shgan bir qator adiblarimizning matbuotlarda qilgan xatti-harakati haqida bayon etiladi. O’quvchilar o’z  bilimlarni o’zlashtirish jarayonida, olingan bilim va ko’nikmalarni amaliyotda samarali qo’llay olish haqida bayon qilinadi. XX asrning o‘ninchi yillaridan boshlab Mahmudxo‘ja Behbudiy (Samarqand),  Cho’lpon,Oxund mulla Mavdud Ohimov (Toshkand), Mirhusayn Mirrahimov (Qo‘qon), Abduqodir Shakuriy (Samarqand), Hoji Mu’in (Samarqand), Qozi Ziyouddin Mahmud ibn Domla va mudarris Fayzrahmat (Buxoro) kabilar haqida ma’lumotga ega bo’ladilar.

Bu maqola axborot xavfsizligi zamonaviy jamiyatda muhim o‘rin tutib, ilm-fan sohasiga ham katta ta'sir ko‘rsatmoqda. Ilmiy izlanishlarning raqamlashtirilishi va global tarmoqlarda ulashilishi ularning tezkorlik bilan o‘zlashtirilishini ta'minlaydi, biroq bu jarayon kiberxavfsizlikka oid xavflarni ham yuzaga keltiradi. Tadqiqot natijalari va intellektual mulkni himoya qilish, axborot oqimlarining maxfiyligini ta'minlash ilmiy faoliyatda muhim masalalardir. Shu sababli, ilm-fan sohasida axborot xavfsizligi bo‘yicha yangi texnologiyalar va usullarni ishlab chiqish dolzarb hisoblanadi

Ushbu maqola boshlang‘ich ta’lim yo‘nalishida tahsil oluvchi talabalarni yangi va zamonaviy texnologiyalardan foydalanishini va ulardan to‘g‘ri foydalanishga o‘rgatish. Ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirishda, mamlakatimizda olib borilayotgan innovatsion jarayonlar va xalqaro baholashning umumiy rivojlanish imkoniyatlari, ularni amalga oshirishda oliy ta’lim va boshlang‘ich ta’lim tizimida olib borilayotgan ishlar. Mamlakatimiz Prezidentining Farmoniga binoan oliy ta’lim tizimini 2030-yilgacha rivojlantirish konsepsiyasi tasdiqlanganligi haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan

Maqolada Xorazm hududida jadidchilik harakati namoyondalari faoliyati o‘z davridagi mavjud siyosiy, ijtimoiy jarayonlarga ta’siri natijasi bugungi kunimizdagi tarixiy ahamiyati manbalardagi ma’lumotlar asosida ochib berilgan. Xorazmdagi jadidchilik harakatining vakili Polvonniyoz hoji Yusupovning “Xotiralar”, “Yosh xivaliklar” deb nomlangan asarlaridagi ayrim ma’lumotlar bayon etilgan. Shuningdek jadidchilik harakatining yana bir yo‘lboshchilaridan qozikalon Bobooxun Salimovning mazkur harakatdagi faoliyati o‘z davrining tarixiylik yondashuvi asosida fikrlar tahlil qilingan.

Bu maqola axborot xavfsizligi zamonaviy jamiyatda muhim o‘rin tutib, ilm-fan sohasiga ham katta ta'sir ko‘rsatmoqda. Ilmiy izlanishlarning raqamlashtirilishi va global tarmoqlarda ulashilishi ularning tezkorlik bilan o‘zlashtirilishini ta'minlaydi, biroq bu jarayon kiberxavfsizlikka oid xavflarni ham yuzaga keltiradi. Tadqiqot natijalari va intellektual mulkni himoya qilish, axborot oqimlarining maxfiyligini ta'minlash ilmiy faoliyatda muhim masalalardir. Shu sababli, ilm-fan sohasida axborot xavfsizligi bo‘yicha yangi texnologiyalar va usullarni ishlab chiqish dolzarb hisoblanadi.

Ushbu maqolada tabiiy fanlar tarkibi, fanlarni oʻrganishdan maqsad, fanlarni oʻqitishda innovatsion metodlardan foydalanish haqida soʻz yuritiladi. Dars jarayonida fanlararo aloqadorlikni samarali amalga oshirish o‘quvchilarni yangi o‘quv materialini qabul qilishga tayyorlash,fanlararo, mavzulararo bog‘lanishni amalga oshirish,muammoli vaziyatlarni yaratish,shuningdek, har bir darsni rejalashtirish va ularni mohirona  o‘tkazish o‘qituvchidan chuqur va puxta tayyorgarlik ko‘rishni talab qiladi.Bu esa darsda ulardan foydalanish asosida bilimlani o‘zlashtirish   samaradorligini orttirishga xizmat qiladi.          

This article examines the integrated methods of assessing comprehension skills in international assessment programs and their impact on the educational process. It analyzes the methodologies used to evaluate students' comprehension skills through international assessment programs such as PISA and PIRLS. It also discusses the necessary pedagogical strategies for developing these skills. The article provides scientific recommendations for implementing innovations in the educational sphere and adapting international experience to the national education system

The article analyzes the methodological foundations for enhancing communicative competence in primary school students while developing their text comprehension skills. It explores pedagogical approaches, interactive methods, and the influence of communicative activities on the educational process. The article provides practical recommendations for teachers on applying effective methods to increase communicative competence. Additionally, it offers methodological tools for improving students' comprehension and expression skills.

Ushbu maqolaning maqsadi: ingliz tilidagi idiomatik iboralarni tahlil qilish orqali xalq mentaliteti, turmush tarzi haqida, ulardagi  o‘ziga xoslikni o‘rganish.  Shubhasiz, chet tilini o‘rganish ham yangi milliy madaniyatni anglash, unga oshno bo‘lishga urinishdir. Dunyodagi har qanday tilning ajralmas qismi va o'ziga xos xazinasi bo'lgan frazeologizmlar bu tanishuvga ayniqsa kuchli hissa qo'shishi mumkin. Frazeologizmlar xalqning ko‘p asrlik tarixini, madaniyati va turmush tarzining o‘ziga xosligini aks ettiradi. Shuning uchun ularni o'rganish juda muhimdir. Ushbu maqolada idiomalar keng miqyosda tekshiriladi. Matnda maqol va matallardan ham foydalaniladi va ular umumiy nom bilan “idiomatik iboralar” tushunchasi orqali ifodalanadi.

The article explores how artificial intelligence technologies can improve the educational process by making it more effective and tailored to individual needs. Adaptive learning systems based on artificial intelligence personalize the learning process, enhance student motivation, and increase educational efficiency. Research results show that these systems adapt educational programs according to individual abilities and needs, and allow for real-time monitoring of results. Additionally, these systems identify students' strengths and weaknesses, providing individual support. As a result, learning efficiency increases, and the educational process becomes more engaging. The article also examines the role of artificial intelligence in the technological integration and implementation of innovations in the educational system

Ushbu maqolada tibbiy tashxis apparatlarini o‘rgatishda vizual yondashuvlardan foydalanishning ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Vizual yondashuvlar murakkab tushunchalarni yengillashtiradi, o‘quv jarayonini interaktiv va qiziqarli qiladi hamda talabalarga nazariy bilimlarini amaliy ko‘nikmalarga aylantirishga yordam beradi. Unda UZI, Rentgen, KT va MRT apparatlarining ishlash tamoyillarini o‘quvchilar uchun tushunarli qilib tushuntirishga qaratilgan usullar ko‘rib chiqilgan. Ushbu yondashuvlar nafaqat tibbiy elektronika bo‘yicha o‘quv jarayonini takomillashtiradi, balki talabalar va o‘qituvchilar o‘rtasida samarali o‘zaro aloqalarni shakllantirishga ham xizmat qiladi

Faktorizatsiya matematika va kriptografiyada muhim rol o‘ynaydi, chunki bu jarayon sonlarning tuzilishini o‘rganish va xavfsiz ma ‘lumot uzatish tizimlarini yaratishda asosiy rol o‘ynaydi.

Matematikada va faktorizatsiyaning axamiyat shundaki sonlarni tahlil qilish va ularning xususiyatlarini o‘rganishga, biror sonni asosiy bo‘luvchilarga ajratish orqali, uning matematik strukturasini tushunishga va algebraik masalalarni yechishda polinomlarni faktorizatsiya qilish orqali algebraik ifodalarni soddalashtirish mumkin.

Kriptografiya turli algoritmlardan foydalanib ma ‘lumotlarni xavfsiz tarzda uzatish va saqlash mumkin va  bu jarayondan faktorizatsiyadan foydalanadi.

Ushbu maqolada malakali kadrlarni tayyorlash jarayonida pedagoglar malakasini oshirishning ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Ta’lim sifati, yangi texnologiyalarni o‘zlashtirish, professional kompetensiyani oshirish va jamoaviy hamkorlikni rivojlantirishda pedagogik malaka oshirishning ijobiy ta’siri yoritiladi. Shuningdek, pedagogik jarayonda zamonaviy innovatsion yondashuvlar va texnologiyalarni qo‘llash orqali ta’lim jarayonining samaradorligini oshirish usullari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirish orqali jamiyatning iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy taraqqiyotiga bo‘lgan ta’sirning ahamiyati alohida ta’kidlangan.

Ushbu maqolada tibbiyot elektronikasi fanini o‘qitishda innovatsion texnologiyalarni qo‘llashning ahamiyati, mavjud muammolar va ularning yechimlari muhokama qilinadi. Fanlararo integratsiyalashgan yondashuvlar va raqamli texnologiyalardan foydalanish orqali o‘quv jarayonining sifatini oshirish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, ushbu yondashuvlarning talabalarning ijodiy qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirishdagi o‘rni ham ko‘rsatib beriladi.

Ushbu maqola zamonaviy ilm-fan va innovatsion texnologiyalarning jamiyat hayotidagi o‘rni, muammolari va istiqbollariga bag‘ishlangan. Hozirgi davr texnologik rivojlanishning yuksak bosqichiga ko‘tarilgan bir paytda, sun’iy intellekt (AI), biotexnologiya va kvant hisoblash texnologiyalari insoniyat taraqqiyotining muhim vositalariga aylanmoqda. Maqolada ushbu yo‘nalishlarning nazariy asoslari, texnologiyalarning qo‘llanilish sohalari va ularning jamiyatga ijobiy ta’siri keng yoritilgan.

Muallif AI yordamida tibbiyot, ta’lim va transport sohalarida amalga oshirilayotgan yutuqlarni ko‘rsatib, bu texnologiyalarni mas’uliyat bilan boshqarish zarurligini ta’kidlaydi. Shuningdek, biotexnologiyaning gen terapiyasi, sun’iy organlar ishlab chiqarish, ekologik barqarorlikni ta’minlash kabi sohalardagi muhim roli ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Kvant hisoblash texnologiyalarining ilmiy tadqiqotlar, shifrlash va katta ma’lumotlarni qayta ishlashdagi afzalliklari tahlil qilinib, ushbu texnologiyaning kelajakdagi yutuqlarga asos bo‘lishi ta’kidlanadi.

Maqola zamonaviy texnologiyalarning muammolarini ham yoritadi, jumladan, axborot xavfsizligi, ekologik tahdidlar, texnologik tengsizlik va etik masalalarga e’tibor qaratiladi. Ushbu muammolarni hal qilish uchun global hamkorlik, yangi yondashuvlar va ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha takliflar berilgan.

Maqola ilm-fan va texnologiyalarni barqaror rivojlantirish, ijtimoiy adolatni ta’minlash va ekologik xavfsizlikni saqlash orqali jamiyatni global farovonlikka olib borish yo‘llarini ko‘rsatadi. Ushbu mavzu bo‘yicha tadqiqotlar texnologik yuksalishni davom ettirish uchun mustahkam asos yaratadi.

In recent years, the integration of innovative technologies in English language teaching has transformed traditional educational practices. This paper explores the various technological tools and methods that enhance language learning, including digital platforms, mobile applications, and multimedia resources. By examining the benefits and challenges of these technologies, the article highlights the importance of adopting a blended learning approach that combines face-to-face instruction with online resources. Ultimately, this study aims to provide educators with insights into effective strategies for implementing innovative technologies in their teaching practices to improve student engagement and learning outcomes.

Boshlang‘ich sinflar о‘quvchilariga qо‘llanilgan xolda matematika kursi materialida mantiqiy topshiriqlar mazmuni, va о‘quvchilari mantiqiy fikrlash faoliyatining о‘ziga xos xususiyatlari, matematika kursida isbotli dalillar, xulosa, tahlillar talab etuvchi muammoli vaziyat, masala, topshiriq, didaktik о‘yinlar mustaqil ishlardan foydalanilgan

Maqolada ozarbayjonlik yolqinlik shoir Baхtiyor Vahobzodaning lirik merosi o‘zbek mumtoz adabiyotining zabardast vakillari: Alisher Navoiy, Erkin Vohidov, Abdulla Oripov, Jamol Kamollar ijodi bilan qiyosiy aspektda o‘rganilgan. Muallifning muayyan janrlardagi mahorati tadqiq etilgan. Shuningdek, muallifning o‘zbek tiliga tarjima qilingan she’rlari poetik etuklik jihati ko‘rsatib berilgan.

Mazkur maqolada ilmiy tadqiqot loyihalarni moliyalashtirish mexanizmining hozirgi kun holati, uning nazariy asoslarini tahlili hamda uning istiqboldagi yutuqlari yuzasidan ilmiy xulosalar ilgari surilgan

 This article analyzes and summarizes different views on the most effective methods of term generation. The lexicon with a limited scope is  studied as a general topic. Linguistic features of polymer chemistry terms, changes in meaning are   in general. The scientific terms and their semantic analysis, which are the main subject of study in the article, form the research perspectives of chemical terms, polymer technology terms based on the natural features of terminology and linguistics general.

We all know that changes in all areas, including the Higher Education system, are being widely studied with new methodologies and innovative technologies for teaching methods. As we know, the main goal and task of higher education is to prepare competitive specialists who are qualified, highly educated, capable of meeting the requirements of the time, fully meeting the requirements of a higher education specialist in their chosen field, contributing to the development of science, culture, economics, and social spheres, able to think independently, have high spirituality, have high potential and creative abilities, are able to develop themselves throughout their careers, and are specialized in self-management and innovative activities.

Tilshunoslik fanining tarjima nazariyasi va amaliyotiga qo‘shgan hissasi beqiyosdir. Boshqa tomondan tarjima tilshunoslik nazariyasidan ko‘ra ancha ko‘proq bilimlarni o‘z ichiga oladi. Semantikaga qiziqish uyg‘otishdan oldin tarjimonlar atamashunoslik bilan yaqindan shug‘ullanganlar. Ushbu maqola axborot-kommunikatsion texnologiyalari (AKT) terminlarini izohli lug‘atlarda berishdagi muammolarni o‘rganadi. Texnologiyaning tezkor rivojlanishi va unga oid atamalarning o‘zgaruvchan tabiati sababli, AKT terminlarini aniqlash va tarjima qilishdagi murakkabliklar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda mavjud izohli lug‘atlar o‘rganilib, AKT atamalarining uzbek tiliga moslashtirilishi borasida yuzaga keladigan bo‘shliqlar va nomuvofiqliklar aniqlanadi. Shuningdek, tilshunoslik va madaniy omillarning AKT terminologiyasini shakllantirish va standartlashtirishdagi o‘rni ko‘rib chiqilib, ushbu sohada lug‘atshunoslik amaliyotini takomillashtirish uchun tavsiyalar beriladi.

Статья представляет собой описание примера урока математики в вузе, построенного на принципах STEM-образования, который интегрирует математические знания с технологиями, инженерией и другими дисциплинами. В рамках урока рассматривается применение математических теорий и методов для решения реальных задач, связанных с инженерными и технологическими проблемами. Особое внимание уделено использованию инновационных методов обучения, таких как проектное обучение, кейс-методы и технологии цифровых образовательных платформ, которые способствуют активному вовлечению студентов в процесс обучения и развитию их критического мышления.

Урок направлен на формирование не только теоретических знаний, но и практических навыков, которые важны для решения комплексных междисциплинарных задач. В статье описаны этапы урока, методы и инструменты, используемые для интеграции различных областей STEM, а также результаты, которые могут быть достигнуты в контексте повышения мотивации студентов и их подготовки к будущей профессиональной деятельности. Этот подход способствует развитию навыков аналитического мышления, самостоятельности, способности к командной работе и решению практических проблем, что особенно важно в контексте подготовки специалистов, способных работать в условиях быстро меняющихся технологий и инноваций.

In this article, the image of women in O'tkir Hashimov's work "Ikki eshik orasi" is analyzed, their fate, experiences, and aspirations are examples of typical symbols of Uzbek women.

Maqolada Yangi O‘zbekistonda soliq tizimi rivojiining hozirgi bosqichida iqtisodiyot taraqqiyotini soliqlar orqali tartibga solish va rag‘batlantirish samarali tadbirlariga yangicha yondoshuvning ustunliklari hamda o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari ilmiy asoslab berilgan. Soliqlar jamiyatda iqtisodiy rivojlanishni tartibga solish va rag'batlantirishda asosiy rol o'ynaydi. Soliqqa tortishning an'anaviy yondashuvlari ko'pincha iqtisodiy o'sish va jamiyat farovonligi uchun kengroq ta'sirlarni e'tiborsiz qoldirib, daromadlarni shakllantirishga qaratilgan. Ushbu maqola barqaror va inklyuziv iqtisodiy rivojlanishni qo'llab-quvvatlashga qaratilgan daromad jihatini ham, kengroq iqtisodiy samaralarni ham hisobga oladigan soliqqa tortishning yangi yondashuvini taklif qiladi. Iqtisodiy nazariya va empirik dalillarga asoslanib, biz istalgan rivojlanish natijalariga erishishda soliqni loyihalash muhimligini ta'kidlaydigan asosni taqdim etamiz. Biz turli soliq vositalari va ularning investitsiyalar, innovatsiyalar, tengsizlik va umumiy iqtisodiy ko'rsatkichlarga potentsial ta'sirini muhokama qilamiz. Bundan tashqari, biz rivojlanish maqsadlariga mos keladigan soliq tizimini shakllantirishda davlat siyosatining rolini o'rganamiz. Iqtisodiy tamoyillarni real dunyo siyosati mulohazalari bilan integratsiyalashgan holda, ushbu maqola mamlakatlar uzoq muddatli iqtisodiy o'sish va jamiyat farovonligini oshirish vositasi sifatida soliqqa tortishdan qanday foydalanishi mumkinligi haqida tushuncha beradi.

Согласно научно-педагогическим публикациям, понятие парадигмы распространяется наряду с такими научными категориями, как модель, процесс, система. Оно прочно вошло в научный лексикон и часто используется в педагогических работах. Мнения о смене парадигмы в педагогике широко распространены.

Хотя определение понятия парадигмы до сих пор не уточнено, говорят, что существует около двадцати ее видов. Какова объяснительная функция этого понятия? Необходимо ли вводить новую концепцию или заменять ее одной из существующих концепций? Имеет ли парадигма в педагогике свои особенности педагогического содержания? Меняется ли парадигма педагогики, и если да, то что? Прежде чем ответить на подобные вопросы, прежде всего, рассмотрим анализ парадигмы в научно-педагогических работах.

Insoniyat tarixida ilm-fan va texnologiya taraqqiyoti hech qachon bugungi kabi tez sur'atlarda rivojlanmagan. Bu taraqqiyot bizga hayot sifatini oshirish, yangi imkoniyatlarni yaratish va murakkab muammolarni hal qilishda katta yordam beradi. Biroq, bu taraqqiyotning o'zi yangi muammolarni ham keltirib chiqarmoqda. Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy muammolarning ba'zilarini va ularni ilm-fan va innovatsion texnologiyalar yordamida hal qilish yo'llarini muhokama qilamiz.

This article investigates discourse as an important multidisciplinary topic, focusing on its function in constructing social structures, identities, and ideologies. The article chronicles the history of discourse studies, using linguistics, psychology, and social sciences to examine the link between language and power. Discourse is classified into two types: written and spoken, emphasizing its importance in communicating and sustaining social norms. The paper also discusses the methodology of discourse analysis (DA).

Different approaches to the description of linguistic units, in particular, service words are being examined. The author substantiates the status of polyfunctional function words as a special class, identifies the criteria for including units in this class.

The status of polyfunctional words as a special class is substantiated. The principles of description system of polyfunctionality, service words on on the basis of polyfunctionality/ polysemantics/monosemantics. It has been established that the proposed approach allows describing other units of the language system (service and full denominative), which meets the need for an integrative description of the language system.

Каждому преподавателю хотя бы раз в своей педагогической деятельности приходилось отвечать на такие вопросы как «А где в быту это теорему можно использовать?» или «А где повседневной жизни это формулу можно применить?» и т.д. Статья посвящена проблеме прикладной ориентации в обучение студентов ВУЗов естественным дисциплинам на примере математики.

Reklama matni mohiyatan til vositalarining maksimal darajada qo‘llanilishiga moyilligi bilan ajralib turadi. Reklama matnlariga qo‘yilgan muhim talab – “minimal darajada so‘z ishlatib, maksimal darajada axborot tarqatish”.^[1] Reklama matnlarini yaratishda iborani lo‘nda, ixcham va ta’sirchan ifodalash, axborot mazmunining boylishi qoidalariga amal qilinadi.

Ijtimoiy ryeklamaning maqsad-vazifasi – adresatni ijtimoiy muammolar va ularni bartaraf etish usullaridan xabardor qilish bo‘libgina qolmay, tilning tasvirlash va ifodalash vositalari tizimi orqali uning shuurida yorqin reklama obrazini shakllantirishdir. Inson diqqat-e’tiborini jalb etgan va unga intensiv ravishda ta’sir ko‘rsatishni maqsad qilgan reklama doimiy ravishda o‘zgarib turishni talab etadi, negaki, har qanda ta’sir ko‘rsatuvchi vositalar vaqt o‘tib, eskiradi va, g‘ayriixtiyoriy ravishda qabul qilina boshlaydi. Natijada esa, undagi jonlilik yo‘qolib boradi, demak, reklamaning ishontirish qobiliyati susayadi. 

Economic education plays a key role in creating a sustainable and progressive society. It contributes to the development of economic literacy of citizens, which, in turn, increases their ability to make informed financial and management decisions. The formation of a holistic worldview of a 21st century student is impossible without knowledge of economic relations, institutions, processes existing and developing in the country and abroad. The article examines the influence of economic education on socio-economic development, reveals its importance in the formation of competencies necessary for professional growth, entrepreneurship and adaptation to changes in the economic environment.

In this article, the important role of literature in language teaching, recommended types of books and the interests of language learners are discussed in detail, taking into account the results of the survey. Also, some recommendations are given as a solution to problems in this area

This article reveals the importance and specific features of English language classes for students of pedagogy. English classes serve not only to improve language knowledge, but also to develop necessary pedagogical skills for students as teachers in the future. In the lessons, activities aimed at increasing the effectiveness of education are carried out through interactive teaching methods, cultural context studies and student assessment processes. During the lessons, students are gradually given opportunities to express their thoughts in English, work in groups and discuss. These processes help to increase students' self-development and independent thinking. As a result, these lessons play an important role in ensuring the professional growth of future teachers. This study was carried out in order to determine the innovative directions of English language teaching for future teachers and help them to work successfully in their future educational activities. In general, the article is aimed at determining the important features and methods of English language teaching in the training of future pedagogues, and serves to improve the quality of education and introduce innovations in pedagogical practice.

This article examines the main problems of digitalization, including infrastructural and international features, low level of digital literacy of teachers and students, as well as insufficient funding of educational projects. The analysis is based on the study of digital education technologies and educational outcomes in different regions of the country.

The results show that despite the successes in large cities, rural areas face serious challenges due to limited access to the Internet and digital tools. Digital technologies such as virtual laboratories have proven highly effective in improving the quality of science education, but require a consistent approach to teaching methods.

The article offers recommendations for developing employment, improving the qualifications of teachers, attracting investment and expanding cooperation with international organizations. Implementation of the proposed measures will create the basis for large-scale digitalization, improving the quality of scientific education and training competitive specialists.

Reklama matni mohiyatan til vositalarining maksimal darajada qo‘llanilishiga moyilligi bilan ajralib turadi. Reklama matnlariga qo‘yilgan muhim talab – “minimal darajada so‘z ishlatib, maksimal darajada axborot tarqatish”.^[1] Reklama matnlarini yaratishda iborani lo‘nda, ixcham va ta’sirchan ifodalash, axborot mazmunining boylishi qoidalariga amal qilinadi.

Badiiy tarjima tarjimonga ikki tomonlama mas'uliyatni yuklaydi. Bir tomonda muallifning pozisiyasida turib tarjima qilish, boshqa tomonda esa oʻquvchining/ kitobxonning badiiy talabini qondirish. Shuning uchun tarjima uchun asar tanlanganda mana shu jihatlarni inobatga olish kerak boʻladi. Badiiy matnni soʻzma-soʻz tarjima qilish orqali kitobxon qalbini egallab boʻlmaydi, buning uchun esa tarjimon birinchi oʻrinda asar muallifi yashagan davrni, muallifga ta'sir qilgan omillarni, muallifning uslubini yaxshi bilish bilan bir qatorda, tarjimaning nozik jihatlarini tushunishi, tahlil qila bilishi va tarjimada aks ettira olishi zarur. Maqolada badiiy adabiyotni tarjima qilishda tarjimonga qoʻyilgan talablar va tarjimonning pozisiyasi muhokama qilinadi.

The article is devoted to speaking lessons in primary schools, using pedagogical technologies in the process of teaching speaking at the beginning level. Riddles are suggested as effective method for developing speaking skills both in classroom and outdoor activities, new interactive methods is highlighted. Also, from interactive methods samples are recommended and illuminated It depicts how to improve students' speaking abilities in second language acquisition in secondary school. It also suggests teachers to improve their learners' pronunciation and fluency by using various tongue twisters and riddles. It proves their benefits for employing in teaching speaking in English based on various famous linguists' theories.

This article is intended for students studying in The Bachelor's educational direction of pedagogical OTM. Pedagogical conditions and quality indicators of the application of innovative organizational and didactic forms of education, information and didactic supply are described in the methodological armament of students with knowledge related to creative pedagogical competence. The methodology for improving students ' creative competencies on the basis of Forsyth Technologies, is highlighted on the basis of an innovative approach.

This article discusses the role of language phenomena in transferring thought into speech. Analysis of language phenomena can be studied in the syntactic stylistics department of linguistics. Syntax deals with the arrangement of words, determining the position of words in the fluency of speech, and forms linguistic phenomena for the correct construction of sentences. Sometimes there is a need to amplify speech, and normative devices are traditionally involved in speech. Examples of such devices are known and they are systematized according to certain principles. It is in this sense that the article talks about how linguistic events and devices are necessary to enrich our speech and express our thoughts fluently. Several linguistic phenomena and their classification are mentioned in the article. The need for a detailed study of language phenomena based on scientific and theoretical sources by itself causes an increase in research on this topic, and the program of our article serves as a basis for this research.       

Bo‘lajak ingliz tili mutaxassislariga turizmga oid terminlarni scaffolding metodi asosida o‘qitish metodikasini o‘rganish imkonini beradi. turizmga oid terminlarni muammolari aniqlangan. Bo‘lajak ingliz tili mutaxassislariga turizmga oid terminlarni ingliz tilida scaffolding metodi asosida o‘qitish qulayliklari aniqlangan. Scaffolding metodidan foydalanib turizmga oid terminlarni ingliz tilida o‘qitish  imkoniyati ko‘rsatilgan.

This article presents thoughts and opinions about the role and importance of teaching foreign languages in the education system of our country today.

Kimyo darslarida aqliy hujum va klaster metodlaridan foydalanishni o’rdanish. Dars mashg’ulotlarini qiziqarli va unumli tashkil qilish

Ona tili ta’lim mazmunida talabalarni аqliy vа intellektuаl jihаtdаn hаr tomonlаmа sаlohiyаtli qilib tаrbiyаlаsh bugungi kunning muhim mаsаlаlаri dаrаjаsigа ko‘tаrilgаn. Shu nuqtаi nаzаrdаn talabalarda sаmаrаli tinglash, tushunish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishda germenevtik ta’limotdan foydalanish texnologiyalari rivojlаntirishgа oid ushbu tаdqiqot ishi dolzаrb sаnаlаdi. Talabalarning tinglash, tushunish ko‘nikmalarini germenevtik ta’limotdan foydalanish asosida sаmаrаli omillаrini аniqlаsh vа texnologiyаlаrni rivojlantirishdan iborаt. Ona tili ta’lim mazmunida tinglash, tushunish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishda germenevtik ta’limotdan foydalanib o’rgаtishning pedаgogik shаrt-shаroitlаrini аniqlаsh va intensiv o’rgаtish muhim ahamiyatga ega.

. The topic of effective leadership in education management examines the key aspects that contribute to the successful functioning of educational institutions. An effective leader in the field of education not only manages the educational process, but also forms a strategic vision, motivates the team and creates conditions for the professional growth of teachers and the successful development of students. The article analyzes various approaches to leadership, including Bernard Bass's transformational leadership, John Cotter's theory of change, and the role of emotional intelligence proposed by Daniel Goleman. Particular attention is paid to the challenges faced by heads of educational institutions, such as resistance to change, low staff motivation and lack of resources. Ways to address these challenges are also considered, including the development of flexibility in management, the use of situational leadership, and the formation of teamwork. Effective Leadership in Education Management Education requires managers not only to have managerial skills, but also to be able to inspire and support their team by providing a supportive environment for learning and development.

Maqolada kimyodan masalalar yechishning kimyo o’qitishdagi ahamiyati, kimyodan masalalar taxlili, kimyodan masalalar yechish fanlararo bog’lanish, kimyo darslarida masala yechishdan foydalanish, kimyodan masala yechish yordamida bilim va ko’nikmalarni umumlashtirish va rivojlantirish, shuningdek kimyodan masalalar yechishning usullari keltirilgan.

Ushbu maqolada eritma, kimyoviy kinetika va elektroliz jarayonlariga oid o‘zaro bog‘liq masalalar yechimlari yoritilgan. Har bir masala orqali mavzularning bir-biri bilan aloqasi amaliy va nazariy jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Masalalar yechimi bosqichma-bosqich keltirilib, kimyoviy jarayonlarni tushunishga oid bilimlar mustahkamlanadi. Ushbu ish kimyo faniga oid masalalarni hal qilish va amaliy muammolarni yechishda foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.

Конфликты занимают центральное место в любой системе межличностного и профессионального взаимодействия, включая образовательную среду. В школах, колледжах и университетах конфликты неизбежны из-за различий в интересах, ценностях и ролях участников образовательного процесса. Однако их деструктивное влияние может быть минимизировано при наличии у руководителей образовательных учреждений высокого уровня конфликтологической компетентности — способности выявлять, анализировать и эффективно разрешать конфликтные ситуации.

Ushbu maqolada uglevodorodlarning tabiiy manbalari mavzusining ekologiya va atrof muhit muhofazasi bilan bog’liq halda o‘qitish haqida malumotlar keltirilgan. Neft, tabiiy gaz, va ekologiyaga oid fikrlar yuritilgan. Bundan tashqari maktabda tahsil olayotgan o‘quvchilar uchun turli xil metodlar ishlab chiqilgan.

Innovation, education, pedagogical process, modern, technological process, new ideas, socio-pedagogical, knowledge, skills and competence. and we will be the reason for them to become a potential staff with qualifications. Also, it is impossible for every pedagogue not to use innovative pedagogical technologies in educational processes. First of all, let's talk about the word "innovation". The word "innovation" means "innovation" when translated from the English language. In terms of content and meaning, the concept of innovation represents an activity aimed at changing the internal structure of a specific system. The following are the main manifestations of innovation: - new ideas; - specific goals aimed at changing the system or direction of activity; - unconventional approaches; - unusual initiatives; - advanced working methods;

This article examines the essential function of reflective practice in preparing future English educators. It is studied the role of reflective practices in connecting theory and application, encourage career advancement, and tackle obstacles like limited hours, inadequate mentorship, and emotional difficulties. Strategies to boost reflective activities, such as uniting it into lesson plans, using online resources, and fostering an environment of thoughtfulness are examined.

Конфликты занимают центральное место в любой системе межличностного и профессионального взаимодействия, включая образовательную среду. В школах, колледжах и университетах конфликты неизбежны из-за различий в интересах, ценностях и ролях участников образовательного процесса. Однако их деструктивное влияние может быть минимизировано при наличии у руководителей образовательных учреждений высокого уровня конфликтологической компетентности — способности выявлять, анализировать и эффективно разрешать конфликтные ситуации.

Ushbu maqolada inson kapitalining milliy iqtisodiyotdagi o‘rni va uning raqobatbardoshlikni oshirishdagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Inson kapitali tarkibi ta’lim, salomatlik, malaka va raqamli ko‘nikmalar kabi jihatlardan iborat bo‘lib, ularning rivoji iqtisodiy samaradorlikni ta’minlaydi. Ta’lim tizimini modernizatsiya qilish, tibbiyot xizmatlarini yaxshilash va texnologik savodxonlikni oshirish inson kapitalini rivojlantirishning muhim yo‘nalishlari sifatida ko‘rsatilgan. Innovatsion iqtisodiy modelga o‘tish va ishchi kuchini global talablar asosida moslashtirish orqali iqtisodiy o‘sish va ijtimoiy barqarorlikka erishish mumkinligi ta’kidlangan. Mazkur maqola inson kapitalini rivojlantirishning milliy iqtisodiyot uchun strategik ahamiyatini ko‘rsatadi.

This study examines the cognitive aspects of educational discourse in English and Uzbek languages, highlighting the influence of language and culture on the learning process. It explores cognitive theories, including sociocultural perspective, to understand how this languages shape knowledge acquisition and teaching methods. The paper discusses the role of cognitive engagement in language learning, the impact of cultural context on cognitive development, and the application of these theories in education. The findings suggest the importance of adopting interactive, culturally responsive teaching strategies to create inclusive, effective learning environments for students in both English and Uzbek educational systems.

Today, studying at popular universities in developed countries is one of the goals of Uzbek youths. Achieving this goal requires several skills from young people, particularly language proficiency, fundamental knowledge in their field, and financial affordability. These factors prevent many young people from achieving this goal, and only those who can find solutions to such problems will have the opportunity to study abroad in developed countries of higher education.

Maqolada milliy xalq oʻyinlari sogʻlom avlod tarbiyasidagi samarali usullardan biri sifatida tadqiq qilingan boʻlib, xalq oʻyinlarini taʼlim-tarbiya jaraѐnida tashkil qilish va samaradorligini oshirish yuzasidan pedagogik tavsiyalar berilgan..

The article is devoted to the importance of bilingualism in learning a foreign language. There is a significant influence of bilingualism on the development of children’s cognitive skills and abilities. In addition, it is mentioned that bilingualism helps one to increase his critical and creative thinking which may aid a learner to learn a language effectively and easily. There are given some examples of how bilingualism can have a positive effect on language improvement and children education. Bilingualism plays a significant role in enhancing children's cognitive development. Research shows that children who are exposed to two or more languages at an early age develop superior cognitive abilities compared to their monolingual peers. Bilingual children often exhibit improved executive functions, such as problem-solving, attention control, and task-switching. The process of switching between languages strengthens the brain’s cognitive flexibility, fostering better memory retention and multitasking skills. Moreover, bilingualism enhances metalinguistic awareness, which helps children understand the structure of language more profoundly. This ability to think in multiple languages not only contributes to better academic performance but also helps children develop stronger social skills. Despite the challenges bilingual children might face in terms of language acquisition, the long-term cognitive benefits outweigh the initial difficulties, making bilingualism a valuable asset in their cognitive and academic growth.

This article is about the methodology of future elementary school teachers to teach students in the formation of economic education skills. The theoretical basis of teaching economic subjects is considered a component of the training system of junior specialists, and this factor is important in the development and improvement of economic literacy characteristics of future primary education students of higher educational institutions, in educating them as competent specialists. and it talks about the specific aspects of gaining importance in the development.

The article discusses the features and problems of the organization, as well as the state of the educational process, the essence of determining pedagogical goals and objectives, modern technology, methods used in organizing training sessions, etc.

This article examines the problems and prospects in the field of science education. Suggestions are made for solving existing problems in the education system and further developing science education. Based on methodological approaches and empirical results, problems are analyzed and promising directions are identified.

This article discusses the specific aspects of developing and forming creativity in the works of Mirzo Ulug'bek, national values, historical, educational, and moral views, and forming the minds of students from primary school. In particular, the methods of organization in elementary grades are focused on the formation of concepts in the minds of students, and opinions are presented in this regard.

This study explores the role of discourse and discourse analysis in the context of the Uzbek language, focusing on its application in understanding sociocultural and political phenomena. Discourse, as a means of communication, plays a crucial role in shaping and reflecting societal values, ideologies, and power structures. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques to analyze political speeches, media texts, and everyday conversations in Uzbek.

Primary school, the purpose of teaching the mother tongue is to interest students in the lessons, to help them master the lessons well and express their own independent opinions by effectively using various interactive methods. To organize a discussion and free exchange of ideas between students to solve a problem situation.

ushbu maqola ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirishda, mamlakatimizda olib borilayotgan innovatsion jarayonlar va xalqaro baholashning umumiy rivojlanish imkoniyatlari, ularni amalga oshirishda oliy ta’lim va boshlang‘ich ta’lim tizimida olib borilayotgan ishlar. Mamlakatimiz Prezidentining Farmoniga binoan oliy ta’lim tizimini 2030-yilgacha rivojlantirish konsepsiyasi tasdiqlanganligi haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan.

maqolada muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib borayotgan zamonaviy pedagogik ta’limda Fitratning “Oila” asari orqali talabalarga axloqiy qadriyatlarni o‘rgatishning metodik jihatlariga e’tibor qaratilgan. Pedagogikaning tarmoq fanlarida axloqiy qadriyatlarga keng e’tibor qaratiladi. Xulosa qismida Fitratning “Oila” asari orqali talabalarga axloqiy qadriyatlarni o‘rgatishning metodik jihatlarini takomillashtirish bo’yicha tavsiyalar berilgan

Ushbu  maqolada  ta`lim  tizimini  rivojlantirishda  mamlakatimizda  olib borilayotgan  ijtimoiy  jarayonlar  va oliy ta’lim tizimida olib borilayotgan ishlar haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. O‘zbekiston jamiyatining fundamental o‘zgarishi hayot tarzining hamma sohalarida ijtimoiy pog‘onalariga taʼsir ko‘rsatmoqda. Fuqarolik jamiyati tuzilishi, demokratik institutlarga o‘tish, Bozor iqtisodiyotiga o‘tish – strategik masalalar, mamlakatning ijtimoiy taʼminoti sharoitlarini muvozanatiga yo‘l beruvchi yechimlar, dunyo integratsiyasi bo‘shliq ekanligi haqida.  

English pronunciation is an important but often overlooked aspect of language learning in higher education. Effective pronunciation improves students' communication skills, which are critical for academic and professional success. However, teaching pronunciation presents a number of challenges. Linguistic differences between students' native languages and English phonetics frequently cause difficulties in mastering sounds, stress, and intonation patterns. Anxiety, fear of making mistakes, and a lack of confidence all contribute to students' unwillingness to practice. Furthermore, institutional constraints, such as limited resources, insufficiently trained educators, and a lack of pronunciation-focused curricula, result in insufficient attention to this skill.

This article investigates these challenges and proposes practical solutions to improve pronunciation instruction. Incorporating technology, such as speech recognition software and pronunciation apps, provides learners with personalized feedback and interactive practice. Enhanced teacher training can provide educators with effective strategies for addressing common errors and incorporating pronunciation into language courses. Furthermore, creating supportive learning environments can reduce anxiety and promote active participation.

By addressing these issues, higher education institutions can help students improve their pronunciation skills, allowing them to communicate more confidently and effectively. This study emphasizes the importance of implementing novel strategies to ensure that students are adequately prepared for the demands of a globalized world.

Maqolada pedagogik nazariy bilimlarni oshiruvchi fanlar uchun mustaqil ta’lim topshiriqlari tuzish usullari va pedagogik nazariy fanlar, ilm-fan va texnologi­yaning asosiy tamoyillarini o‘rgatish orqali, o‘quvchilarni mantiqiy fikrlash, tahlil qilish va ilmiy izlanishlar olib borishga doir fikrlar bayon qilingan.

Ushbu maqolada malakali kadrlarni tayyorlash jarayonida pedagoglar malakasini oshirishning ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Ta’lim sifati, yangi texnologiyalarni o‘zlashtirish, professional kompetensiyani oshirish va jamoaviy hamkorlikni rivojlantirishda pedagogik malaka oshirishning ijobiy ta’siri yoritiladi. Shuningdek, pedagogik jarayonda zamonaviy innovatsion yondashuvlar va texnologiyalarni qo‘llash orqali ta’lim jarayonining samaradorligini oshirish usullari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirish orqali jamiyatning iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy taraqqiyotiga bo‘lgan ta’sirning ahamiyati alohida ta’kidlangan.

this article is devoted to the study of the process of digital transformation in the education system. In the field of education, the role of digital technologies in the introduction, improvement of the quality of education, effective organization of educational processes and creation of new opportunities for teachers and students is being studied. The article examines the essence of the digital transformation process, the basic principles and the pros and cons of its application in the education system. The research gathered knowledge about the digital transformation of the educational process, the development of online learning and the future of education.

Ushbu maqolada til o'rganishga ta'sir qiluvchi psixologik omillar, jumladan, motivatsiya, xavotir, kognitiv rivojlanish, o'ziga bo'lgan ishonch va ijtimoiy omillar ahamiyati tahlil qilingan.Til o'rganish nafaqat so'zlar va grammatik qoidalarni o'rganish jarayoni, balki bu jarayon insonning psixologik holati, his-tuyg'ulari, e'tibori va motivatsiyasi bilan chambarchas bog'liqdir. Motivatsiya, ichki va
tashqi motivatsiya, o'quvchilarning til o'rganishga bo'lgan qiziqish va ishtiyoqini saqlashda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Xavotir esa o'quvchilarni tilni erkin ishlatishdan tortinib, til o'rganish jarayonini sekinlashtirishi mumkin. Piaget va Vygotsky kabi mutaxassislarning kognitiv rivojlanish nazariyalari, o'quvchilarning intellektual qobiliyatlari til o'rganish muvaffaqiyatiga qanday ta'sir qilishini tushuntiradi1. Shuningdek, o'ziga bo'lgan ishonch til o'rganishda muhim omil sifatida ajralib turadi, bu o'quvchilarga qiyinchiliklarni yengib o'tishga va o'rganish jarayonida faol ishtirok etishga yordam beradi. Maqola, psixologik omillarni tushunishning o'quvchilarning til o'rganishidagi muvaffaqiyatini oshirish va samarali ta'lim strategiyalarini ishlab chiqishda qanday yordam berishini ta'kidlaydi.

This article is written on the topic of measures to develop the education system for students in special education, and shows the need to identify measures aimed at ensuring the equal and effective participation of students in special education in the education system and develop proposals based on them. Ensuring inclusion, equality and stability in society through the education system, as well as preparing students in special education for a successful and active life in the future are important goals.

Осуществляемая в Узбекистане модернизация образования требует соответствия уровня профессиональной компетентности педагогов в новым вызовам времени.

Современный этап модернизации образования требует от всех ее субъектов не только быстрой реакции на происходящие изменения, но и умения правильно определять те характеристики профессиональной деятельности, которые будут ключом к успеху в ближайшем будущем.

Communication with people is achieved through words. While using words and body language in verbal communication, sign language is used with the deaf and dumb. Sending messages to others can be with our words, sometimes only with our body language. As educators teaching in different branches, we need words and body language to communicate with students influentially. Correct use of body language ensures that the message is conveyed to students more effectively and rapidly.

Language learning is an intricate process influenced by numerous factors, with psychological components playing a central role. This article explores the significant impact of motivation, stress and anxiety, self-awareness, social interaction, and self-regulation on language acquisition. It emphasizes the importance of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and their combined influence on learning outcomes. Additionally, the study delves into how learners can overcome psychological barriers and achieve greater success through tailored strategies, self-awareness, and a focus on social interaction. By analyzing these factors, the article provides educators and learners with actionable insights to enhance the language learning experience.

Writing is an essential skill in the English subject, alongside other key language skills. However, despite its significance, writing often does not receive the attention it deserves in the teaching and learning process. This article highlights the importance of writing and explores the challenges associated with its teaching, particularly the lack of sufficient time allocation and focus. Effective strategies for improving writing skills, including a strong emphasis on grammar structure, are also discussed.

Ushbu maqolada inson kapitalining milliy iqtisodiyotdagi o‘rni va uning raqobatbardoshlikni oshirishdagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Inson kapitali tarkibi ta’lim, salomatlik, malaka va raqamli ko‘nikmalar kabi jihatlardan iborat bo‘lib, ularning rivoji iqtisodiy samaradorlikni ta’minlaydi. Ta’lim tizimini modernizatsiya qilish, tibbiyot xizmatlarini yaxshilash va texnologik savodxonlikni oshirish inson kapitalini rivojlantirishning muhim yo‘nalishlari sifatida ko‘rsatilgan. Innovatsion iqtisodiy modelga o‘tish va ishchi kuchini global talablar asosida moslashtirish orqali iqtisodiy o‘sish va ijtimoiy barqarorlikka erishish mumkinligi ta’kidlangan. Mazkur maqola inson kapitalini rivojlantirishning milliy iqtisodiyot uchun strategik ahamiyatini ko‘rsatadi.

Ushbu maqola hozirgi kunda o‘quvchilarda liderlikning rivojlanishing psixologik psixologik turlari va ularning xususiyatlari. O‘quvchilardagi liderlikni rivojlantirishning o‘ziga xos psixologik xususiyatlari hamda muammolari tahlil qilingan

Ma’ruzada buyuk o‘zbek shoiri va mutafakkiri Alisher Navoiy asarlarida ayollar timsoli orqali komil inson g‘oyalari targ‘ibining ayrim jihatlari o‘rganiladi. Buning uchun uning xalq orasida hikmatli so‘zga aylanib ketgan bir necha  bayti sharhlanadi, shuningdek, “Hayrat ul-abror”, “Saddi Iskandariy”, “Tarixi muluki Ajam” asarlaridagi ba’zi xotin-qizlar timsollari tahlil etiladi

The article is devoted to various methods of teaching foreign languages in universities. Particular attention is paid to the following methods: the direct method, grammar-translation, audio-visual, audio lingual and communicative methods. Currently, there are many methods of learning a foreign language in higher education and each of them has certain features, some have greater popularity and demand while some have less. This article will discuss the main methods for students to learn English.

Modern educational technologies have revolutionized language learning, offering learners innovative tools and strategies that were unimaginable just a few decades ago. This paper explores the impact of these technologies on language acquisition, highlighting their benefits, challenges, and the future potential of integrating artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), and mobile learning applications in language education. By leveraging these advancements, learners can achieve greater engagement, personalization, and accessibility.

Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridagi fe’llarning grammatik jihatlari tahlil qilinib, ularning o‘ziga xosliklari yoritilgan

Mazkur maqola ta’lim muassasalarida talaba yoshlar ongida  sog’lom turmush tarzini shakllantirish va rivojlantirish masalalariga bag’ishlangan bo’lib, bu jarayonga ta’sir etuvchi obyektiv va subyektiv omillar ochib berilgan.

the article examines the theoretical foundations of collaborative technologies and ways of applying them to the educational process. The role, methods and practical results of cooperative education in improving the knowledge efficiency of students are considered. Innovative approaches to improving the quality of education with the help of collaborative technologies are also highlighted.

This article covers the issues of studying the impact of interactive teaching methods on students' scientific activity in distance education. Interactive methods in distance education organized using modern technologies direct students to independent research, scientific approaches and analytical thinking. The possibilities of increasing students' interest in scientific activity, developing their creative potential and effectively organizing the educational process through these methods are analyzed. The study studies the impact of interactive games, problem-solving, discussion and other methods used in distance education on students, and their positive results are scientifically substantiated. The importance of distance education in increasing students' scientific competence is also shown.

Mazkur maqolada shoir va tarjimon Tursunboy Adashboyev ijodining oʻrganilishi, shoirning badiiy mahorati, bolalikka bogʻliq lavhalar, shoir ijodida ustozlar eʼtirofi, ijodkor asarlarida yumoristik tasirlar, shoir loflari, arifmetik amallarga va harflarga xoslangan asarlar xususida fikr yuritilgan.

Ushbu maqolada oʻtgan asr bolalar adabiyotining taraqqiyoti va rivojlanishiga jiddiy hissa qoʻshgan atoqli bolalar shoiri Quddus Muhammadiy asarlari tahlilga tortilgan, shoir haqida bitilgan asarlar haqida maʼlumot berilgan Va shoirning “tabiat alifbesining besh jildligiga munosabat bildirilgan.  

Ushbu maqolada bo‘lajak boshlang‘ich sinf o‘qituvchilarini ta'lim tizimining muammolari va istiqbollarini 4 k modeli asosida shakllantirishni to‘g‘ri yo‘lga qo‘yish usullari ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Shuning bilan bir qatorda hozirgi ta’lim tizimidagi muommolar o‘quvchi nutqi,uning mustaqil fikrini bildira olishiga, kreativ,tandidiy fikrlashiga  doir  to‘g‘risida yozilgan. Hamkorlikda ishlash muvoffaqiyatni hamda muvoffaqiyatsizlikni birgalikda his qilishni o‘rgatadi.Shuningdek o‘qituvchi o‘quvchilarni guruhlarga ajratayotganda nimalarga e’tibor berishi kerakligi haqida ma’lumotlar berib o‘tilgan. Shuningdek ta’lim tizimining istiqbollarini 4 K modeli asosida shakllantirish.

This article discusses the problems of improving the quality of education today, their solutions and perspectives, including the improvement of curricula, training design, organization of research in accordance with the requirements of the time, the use of foreign experience in this area, professional qualities and the development of logical thinking operations.

This article discusses the essence of the formation of students' creative thinking in the process of continuous education, its place and importance in the system of social sciences, as well as the pedagogical tasks of implementing the creative approach of the individual in the teaching process. 

An’anaviy ta’lim o‘quvchilarni tayyor bilimlar bilan qurollantiradi. Bunda mustaqil ish asosan reproduktiv faoliyat sifatida taqdim etiladi. Talabalarning shaxsiy rivojlanishiga yo'naltirilgan ta'lim o'quvchilarning ta'lim maqsadlari va mazmunini, shuningdek, uni tashkil etish va anglash jarayonini o'z ichiga oladi. Zamonaviy maktabda matematikani o'qitishda o'quvchilarning mustaqil ishlarini qanday tashkil qilish kerak? Ushbu maqola shu muammoni hal qilishga bag'ishlangan.

Mazkur maqolda boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining atrof- muhitga ekologik ijobiy munosabatini shakillantirishda pedagogik usullarning ahamiyati shuningdek, boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining atrof-muhitga ijobiy munosabatni oshirishda o‘qitish texnologiyasiga bo‘lgan tavsiyalar ko‘rsatilgan.

Mazkur maqola ta’lim muassasalarida talaba yoshlar ongida  sog’lom turmush tarzini shakllantirish va rivojlantirish masalalariga bag’ishlangan bo’lib, bu jarayonga ta’sir etuvchi obyektiv va subyektiv omillar ochib berilgan.

Maktabgacha ta’lim tashkilotida eng asosiy rol bu pedagogning roli hisoblanadi. Pedagog bu tarbiyachi hisoblanadi. Tarbiyachining bolalarni maktabgacha ta’lim tashkilotiga moslashuvi, ta’lim tarbiya jarayonlarida bolalarning tarbiya jarayonlarida, faoliyat jarayonlarida interaktiv metodlardan foydalangan holda bolalarning muloqotchanligini shakillantirishda tarbiyachi kreativ yondashuvining roli katta hisoblanadi.

This article examines the importance of educational programs in the development of the national economy and the integration of modern technologies into them. The study analyzes how digital technologies enhance the quality of education, improve workforce training, and manage economic processes innovatively.

This article examines the importance of organizing inclusive education in preschool educational institutions, the essence of the concept of inclusive education, its role in children's social adjustment, individual development, and the formation of tolerance in society. Also, the experience of introducing inclusive education in Uzbekistan and future tasks, the importance of relationships between family members and employees are described.

Filologik ta’lim olish talabalarning mustaqil o‘quv topshiriqlarini rivojlantirishda kredit-modul tizimiga o‘tishning amaldagi holati va istiqbollari, oliy ta’lim muassasalarini ilg‘or jahon tajribalari asosida kredit-modul tizimining tamoyillari, ta’lim oluvchi, ta’lim natijalarini tan olinishi. Ta’lim traektoriyasini mustaqil shakllantirish imkoniyatini yaratilishi va  akademik mobillik, baholarning to‘planib borilishi, Professor-o‘qituvchi, talabalarning fanga qiziqishi, hamda aniq belgilangan baholash tizimini joriy etilishi maqsadga muvofiq ekanligi asoslab berilgan.

This article presents thoughts and opinions about Open AI (artificial intelligence), how to use it in English lessons, its capabilities and limitations. Moreover, in the modern world, with the development of science and technology, it is necessary to use such opportunities at the appropriate level.

Adaptation to professional activity is the process of a person entering a profession, expressed in its goals, content, technologies, means of implementation, order and intensity of activity, production and labor discipline, organizational rules and norms, and flexibility to other requirements. It is believed that external assistance from professional psychologists, including instructors, reduces the difficulties of adaptation and contributes to success in overcoming difficulties in ensuring adaptation to the social conditions in which a specialist's professional activity takes place. In this sense, the peculiarities of adaptation to professional activity have been analyzed.

Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasida amalga oshirilayotgan ta’lim va tarbiyaga oid Davlat siyosati hamda so‘nggi yillarda sohaga oid qabul qilingan “Uzluksiz ma’naviy tarbiya” Konsepsiyasi va  “Ta’lim to‘g‘risida”gi Qonun to‘g‘risida, ushbu me’yoriy-huquqiy hujjatlarning shaxs kamolotiga ijobiy ta’siri haqida  ma’lumot berilgan. Shuningdek maqolada ommaviy madaniyat tushunchasi va uning yoshlar ongiga salbiy ta’siri   haqida ham yetarlicha ma’lumotlar berilgan.  

Maqolada Psixologiya sohasi mutaxassislarini kasbiy tayyorgarligini oshirish, ularning faoliyatini aks ettiruvchi psixologik tizim, psixologik portretini shakllantirish  asosida kasbiy kamolotiga erishtirish dolzarb muammo ekanligi yoritilgan. Shuningdek, shaxsning ijtimoiy psixologiyasi muammosiga bir qator nazariy yondashuvlarni  psixolog olimlar tomonidan ishlab chiqilganligi haqida fikrlar mavjud. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, psixolog mutaxassisiga xos xususiyatlarni rivojlantirish,bilan yaxlit omilli bog‘liqlik hosil qilinganligi yoritilgan.

Mazkur maqolada boshlang'ich sinflarda matematika fanini o'qitishda kompetensiyaviy yondashuvning ahamiyati va usullari o'rganiladi. Kompetensiyaviy yondashuv asosida o'quvchilarda mustaqil fikrlash, amaliy masalalarni hal qilish va o'rganilgan bilimlarni kundalik hayotda qo'llash ko'nikmalarini shakllantirish imkoniyati yaratiladi. Tadqiqot davomida guruhli ishlash, interaktiv usullar va o'yinli ta'lim texnologiyalari qo'llanilib, ularning samaradorligi tahlil qilindi. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, ushbu yondashuv o'quvchilarning matematika bo'yicha bilim darajasini oshirishda va dars jarayoniga qiziqishni kuchaytirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega.

Innovative technologies have a revolutionary impact on current preschool education, improving learning experiences and promoting developmental milestones. This article investigates the use of digital tools, interactive platforms, and adaptive learning approaches that are suited to the needs of early learners. The analysis focuses on significant trends, benefits, and challenges connected with integrating these technologies in early childhood settings, emphasizing their ability to encourage creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking abilities.

В статье анализируются пути повышения роли женщин в науке как важного элемента достижения гендерного равенства в обществе. Рассмотрены ключевые барьеры, с которыми сталкиваются женщины в научной сфере, включая стереотипы, неравный доступ к ресурсам и карьерным возможностям. Представлены стратегии поощрения активности женщин, такие как программы наставничества, поддержка в профессиональном росте и разработка инклюзивных политик. Отдельное внимание уделено взаимосвязи между увеличением числа женщин в науке и социальным прогрессом. Выводы статьи подтверждают, что развитие равноправного участия женщин в науке способствует не только усилению инновационного потенциала, но и укреплению социальной справедливости.

This article examines the challenges and solutions for increasing women’s participation in science. Key barriers, such as gender stereotypes, social obstacles, and lack of support, are analyzed as the main factors limiting women’s full engagement in scientific activities. The article also proposes measures to expand opportunities for women, including the development of education, implementation of specialized programs, and raising public awareness. It emphasizes that active participation of women in the scientific field not only promotes gender equality but also contributes significantly to the scientific and technological progress of society.

Статья посвящена анализу гендерных вопросов в науке и роли женщин в научной сфере Узбекистана. Рассматриваются достижения в области гендерного равенства, а также государственная политика, направленная на поддержку женщин-ученых. Особое внимание уделяется программам, стимулирующим участие женщин в научных исследованиях, и их влиянию на развитие науки и технологий в стране. В статье представлены рекомендации по созданию условий для повышения роли женщин в науке и укрепления их позиций в академической среде.

Maqolada ayollarning fan, texnologiya, muhandislik bo'yicha malakasini oshirish va ushbu sohaga bo’lgan qiziqishini oshirish juda muhimligi haqidagi fikrlar yoritilgan.  Ilm-fan va innovatsiyalar jamiyat taraqqiyotining asosiy harakatlantiruvchi kuchlaridan biridir. Ushbu sohalarda xotin-qizlarning ishtiroki jamiyat rivojlanishiga muhim hissa qo‘shib kelmoqda. Maqolada xotin-qizlarning ilmiy va innovatsion faoliyatdagi roli, ularga duch keladigan to‘siqlar va bu sohalarda yanada kengroq ishtirok etishlari uchun zarur bo‘lgan shart-sharoitlar tahlil qilinadi. Hozirgi yilga kelib ham fan, texnologiya, muhandislik sohalarida erkaklar ustunlik qilishda davom etmoqda.  Oldingi davrlarda ayollarni erta yoshdan boshlab muntazam ravishda texnologiya va muhandislik sohalaridan chetlashtiriladi. Bunga asosiy sabab - gender tarafkashligi, malakali kadrlar yetishmasligi.

This article explores the gender disparities in the field of science, emphasizing the underrepresentation of women and the systemic challenges they face, including implicit biases, lack of mentorship, and unequal access to opportunities. It highlights the societal and institutional barriers that hinder women's participation and advancement in STEM fields. The article also provides actionable strategies to increase the role of women in science, such as promoting STEM education for girls, addressing workplace biases, creating supportive environments, and fostering inclusive networks. It concludes by underscoring the importance of gender equity in science for fostering innovation and global progress.

Ushbu maqolada Ilm-fan va texnologiya jamiyatni rivojlantirishda muhim ahamiyatga egaligi ammo bu sohada gender tengsizligi muammosi hanuz dolzarb bo‘lib qolmoqdaligi. Ayollarning ilm-fanga qo‘shgan hissasi tarix davomida ko‘pincha yetarlicha qadrlanmagan yoki e’tibordan chetda qolganligi. Bu muammo faqat adolat masalasi emas, balki ilm-fanning salohiyatini to‘liq ro‘yobga chiqarish uchun hal qilinishi lozim bo‘lgan masalaligi shuningdek, ta’lim va ilm-fan sohalarida gender faoliyati tahlil qilingan, xorijiy mamlakatlarning ta’lim va ilm-fan gender rolini oshirish bo'yicha tajribalari o‘rganilgan hamda ulardagi ilg‘or tajribalarni mamlakatimizga tatbiq etish bo‘yicha ilmiy taklif va amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

This article is dedicated to the topic “Effective Initiatives and Best Practices in Protecting Women’s Rights” and analyzes successful initiatives and best practices in safeguarding women’s rights. The article examines global efforts to achieve gender equality, with a particular focus on reforms aimed at supporting women in the political, economic, educational, and healthcare sectors. It also discusses issues such as gender-based violence against women, labor market inequalities in certain countries, and legal interventions. By highlighting best practices, the article explores effective ways to protect women’s rights and the successful initiatives implemented by governments, including legislation, education, and social programs, that have contributed to achieving gender equality. The article also emphasizes the importance of global cooperation and active government participation in ensuring gender equality. Special attention is given to the experiences of Scandinavian countries (particularly Sweden and Norway), Iceland, Rwanda, Canada, and Switzerland, which have achieved success in ensuring gender equality in the labor market, politics, and social spheres through policies and initiatives. The article shows how these countries can serve as models for other nations in advancing gender equality.

This article cites gender equality, its content and essence, its importance in the life of society, which has been considered indifferent for many years. In addition, the introduction of gender equality into Uzbekistan, the main laws and the role played in the life of the family were mentioned.

O‘zbek oilalarida gender tengligini ta’minlanishi xotin-qizlarga nisbatan kamsitishlarning har qanday shakliga barham beradi, ijtimoiy-madaniy rivojlanishning barcha jarayonlarida ayollarning samarali ishtirok etish imkoniyatini ta’minlaydi. Gender tengsizligini saqlanib qolinishida gender stereotiplarining  ta’siri aniqlangan. Gender tengligini takomillashtirishda gender kompetentlikni oshirish imkoniyatlari, ijtimoiy-psixologik omillarning o‘rni va ahamiyati ko‘rsatilgan.

maqolada jahon va o‘zbek tilshunosligida gender va jins tushunchalari, ular anglatgan semantik ma’nolar haqida ma’lumot berilgan. Ayol va erkaklar nutqidagi tafovutlar qiyosiy tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, erkak va ayollar nutqidagi grammatik farqlanishlar, ya’ni qaysi jins vakillari qanday gap tuzadi, sodda gapning qaysi turlaridan ko‘proq foydalanadi, qo‘shma gapning qaysi turidan qanday foydalanishadi kabi tahlillarga ham e’tibor qaratilgan.

Keyingi yillarda til birliklari fanlar, sohalararo hamkorlikda o‘rganilmoqda. Bu holat tilning ko‘p qirrali ekanligi, uning inson omili, ya’ni insonning tildan foydalanishida unga ta’sir ko‘rsatishi,  tilda insonga xos xususiyatlarning aks etishi masalasi bilan bog‘liqlikda o‘rganilayotganligi bilan aloqador. Tilga gender yondashuv ham tilni genderologiya va tilshunoslikning o‘zaro hamkorligida o‘rganilishi asosida yuzaga kelgan.

Ma’ruzada buyuk o‘zbek shoiri va mutafakkiri Alisher Navoiy asarlarida ayollar timsoli orqali komil inson g‘oyalari targ‘ibining ayrim jihatlari o‘rganiladi. Buning uchun uning xalq orasida hikmatli so‘zga aylanib ketgan bir necha  bayti sharhlanadi, shuningdek, “Hayrat ul-abror”, “Saddi Iskandariy”, “Tarixi muluki Ajam” asarlaridagi ba’zi xotin-qizlar timsollari tahlil etiladi.

Ensuring gender equality is essential for fostering inclusive societies and sustainable development. This article outlines best practices for promoting gender equality across various sectors, including education, workplace policies, government initiatives, and community engagement. By adopting strategies that empower women, challenge stereotypes, and create equitable opportunities, organizations and societies can work towards a more balanced and just world.

Ush bu maqola yosh qiz va ayollarimizning ayanchli taqdirlari, turmush tarzi, ilm olishlaridagi turli taqiqlar, nohaqliklar, zulumkorlik, jamiyatda o‘z o‘rni yo‘qligi, oilada eri va qaynonasining kamsitishlari va shu jumladan diniy va dunyoviy bilimning yetishmasligi oqibatida o‘z joniga qasd qilishi haqida qisqacha ma’lumot keltirilgan shu jumladan o‘z hayotini tugatishga qaror qilgan qizlar haqida bo‘lib, ularning ichki dunyosi va bu qarorga olib kelgan omillarni o‘rganishga qaratilgan.

zamonaviy o‘zbek oilalarida xotin-qizlar imtiyozlarini ta’minlanishi va rollar taqsimoti gender tengligini saqlanishida muhim sanaladi.  Gender tengligini saqlanishida gеndеr stеrеotiplarning хam ta’siri o‘rganilgan bo’lib, mazkur jamiyat uchun aynan shu tariхiy davrdagi erkaklar va ayollar o’rtasidagi farqliklar to’g’risidagi tasavvurlarni saqlanib kеlayotganligini izohlaydi.

Maqolada, gender tengsizligini saqlanib qolinishida gender stereotiplarining  ta’siri aniqlangan. Oilada xotin-qizlar imkoniyat va imtiyotlarini ta’minlanishi kamsitishlarning har qanday shakliga barham berishi asoslangan.

Ushbu maqolada o‘spirinlarning psixologik rivojlanishi, ularning ijtimoiy va shaxsiy o‘zgarishlari, shuningdek, kasbga yo‘naltirish jarayonida ularning psixologik ehtiyojlari haqida ma'lumot va tavsiyalar berilgan.

Ushbu maqolda emotsional intilektning shaxsiy kasbiy sifatlar bilan bog’liqligi shuningdek shaxsda emotsionallik namoyon boʻlishiga ta’sir etuvchi ijtimoiy-psixologik omillar  tahlil qilinadi.

This article presents important information about the personality of the Timurid princess Gawharshodbegim and her role in the governance of the Timurid state, based on historical sources and research.

Ushbu maqola orqali gender tenglik bo’yicha ayollarga ko’plab imkoniyatlar berilayotganligi, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining  turli hil farmon va qarorlar qabul qilayotganlari, va eng muhimi bu davlatni rivojlantirish strategiyasiga kiritilgani juda quvonarli deya ayta olamiz.Sababi jamiyatda turli yosh qatlamidagi ayollar o’zlarini turli soh ava yo’nalishlar bo’yicha bemelol sinab ko’rishlari va yuqori natijalarga ega bo’lishlari keng imkon bermoqda.

This article analyzes gender activities in education and science, studies the experience of foreign countries in increasing the gender role in education and science, provides scientific and practical proposals for applying their best practices in our country, and develops recommendations.

Ushbu maqolada jamiyatda ayollarning o’rni va ularga yaratilayotgan imkoniyatlar,ayollarni sifatli ta’lim olishlari uchun qaratilgan chora-tadbirlar hamda ularning haq-huquqlari,gender tengligi , bugungi kunda ayollarimizga yaratilayotgan imkoniyatlar, ayollarimizni himoyaga muhtoj bo’lgan qatlamiga yordam berish maqsadida olib borilayotgan ishlar xususida so’z boradi.

Suv sifatini o‘rganish jarayonida gidrobiologik usullar muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib, ular suv havzasidagi mikroorganizmlar, planktonlar, bentos va boshqa gidrobiota turlari o‘rtasidagi ekologik muvozanatni aniqlash imkonini beradi. Gidrobiologik tadqiqotlar orqali suv havzasining ekologik holati, ifloslanish darajasi va uni yaxshilash uchun zarur bo‘lgan chora-tadbirlar aniqlanadi. Ushbu tadqiqotda suv sifatining asosiy ko‘rsatkichlari, tahlil usullari hamda gidrobiologik tadqiqotlarning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, gidrobiologik tadqiqotlar suv resurslarini boshqarish, ularning barqaror foydalanilishini ta'minlash va atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilishda muhim amaliy ahamiyatga ega ekanligini ko‘rsatish maqsad qilib qo‘yiladi. Mazkur ish suv havzalarini monitoring qilishda zamonaviy tahlil metodlarini qo‘llash ahamiyatini ochib berishga qaratilgan bo‘lib, suv muhitining ekologik holatini yaxshilash bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalarni ishlab chiqishga yo‘naltirilgan.

The phenomenon of globalization has significantly changed the human resource management (HRM) environment by offering new opportunities while creating new risks. Critical problems are relating to multicultural work force, skills mismatch, technological changes, changes in the labor market, legal and ethical compliance, etc. These problems are made worse by the speed of transformation and the growing integration of economies around the world. This paper analyzes the major challenges that the HRM function faces in the environment of growing globalization and attempts to offer ways of solving these problems. Such strategies include the use of inclusive approaches to handle cultural diversity, developing and supervised training and retraining measures, the use of technology in working from home and working in the hybrid model, designing of flexible organizational structures and creating effective control mechanisms. Taking into consideration these challenges may improve employee retention, make better use of the resources put in the core processes, and can help in better overall performance of the company in the globalized world

The article examines global climate change and the role of science in addressing this issue. The primary causes of climate change include greenhouse gases, ozone layer depletion, and changes in Earth's surface. These changes result in biodiversity loss, reduced water resources, and increased frequency of natural disasters. Science plays a crucial role in collecting and analyzing data, developing new technologies, and finding ecological solutions. International agreements, such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The article highlights the importance of scientific, technological, and international approaches in combating global climate change.

Ushbu maqolada global iqlim o’zgarishlarining sabablari va ta’siri, qaratilgan ilm-fan va texnologiyaning bu jarayondagi roli, iqlim o’zgarishlariga qarshi kurashishda jamoaviy sa’y- harakatlarning ahamiyati haqida so’z yuritamiz. Shuningdek, maqolada iqlim o‘zgarishi O‘zbekiston uchun ham qator salbiy oqibatlar yaratayotgani va mutaxassislarning iqlim o‘zgarishining oldini olish uchun bir qancha tavsiyalari tahlil qilinadi.

naftalin va uning gomologlari modifikatsiyasi asosida olinadigan fiziologik faol birikmalarning turli xil biologik faolliklari tufayli dori vositalarini ishlab chiqishda katta ahamiyatga ega ekanligi ta'kidlangan.

В статье рассматриваются современные технологии производства колотых дорожных изделий из природного камня, их эксплуатационные характеристики и перспективы использования. Приведён анализ преимуществ различных пород камня, таких как гранит, базальт, известняк и песчаник, а также рассмотрены риски и ограничения, связанные с их использованием. Особое внимание уделено автоматизации процессов, внедрению инновационных технологий и созданию обобщённых моделей управления производством. Представлены графические данные, иллюстрирующие зависимость эффективности, себестоимости и уровня брака от объёмов производства. Статья подчёркивает важность экологических аспектов и устойчивого развития отрасли.

So‘nggi o‘n yil ichida nano zarrachalarining sinteziga katta e’tibor qaratilib kelinmoqda, bunga sabab, nanozarrachalarning turli sohalarda ishlatilishiga qarab muhim ahamiyatga egaligi shu bilan bir qatorda Nikel oksidi (NiO) nano zarrachalarining noyob fizik va kimyoviy xususiyatlari, jumladan katalitik faollik, elektr o‘tkazuvchanligi va issiqlik barqarorligi tufayli ko‘pchilik olimlarni e’tiborini tortdi. Ushbu nanozarrachalar polimer materiallari yuzasiga kiritilganda, ular polimerning funksional xossalarini oshiradi, bu esa kataliz, energiyani saqlash, sensorlar va mikroblarga qarshi kurashish kabi sohalarda ilg‘or ilovalarda qo‘llash imkonini beradi[1]. Bundan tashqari qishloq xo‘jaligida yetishtiriladigan mahsulotlar hosildorligini oshirish, turli xil organik birikmalardan (pestitsid, insektitsid, gerbitsid) ifloslanishini kamaytirish, kimyoviy moddalar va ekinlarni kimyoviy muammolardan saqlash uchun qo‘llanilib kelinmoqda[2]. Ushbu ish polimer materiallari yuzasida nikel oksidi nanozarrachalarini sintez qilish bo‘yicha olib borilgan tadqiqotlarni tahlil qilishga qaratilgan.

Целью этого проекта является моделирование взаимодействия лазерных лучей с человеческим глазом с использованием метода Монте-Карло и Geant4, набора инструментов для моделирования прохождения частиц через материю. Он моделирует взаимодействие фотонов внутри глаза, уделяя особое внимание процессам поглощения, рассеяния и отражения, которые имеют решающее значение для понимания взаимодействия лазера с тканями как для диагностических, так и для терапевтических целей.

В работе исследована спектральная зависимость фотопроводимости в монополярных инжекционных структурах на основе компенсированного марганцем кремния с помощью ИКС-21 при постоянной температуре и интенсивности света при различных напряжениях электрического поля. Установлено, что в случае монополярной инжекции степень заполнения очувствляющего центра практически не меняется; имеет место стимулирование фоточувствительности при достаточно низком уровне освещенности за счет инжекции дырок.

the article considers the composition of waste of a copper processing plant, waste of a copper processing plant in recent years has occupied several hectares of land, at the same time the quantitative composition of valuable elements and components increases. For the extraction of iron, the composition of chemical iron-containing elements was studied, it was determined that the tailings contain iron metasilicate (II) (FeSiO₃), experiments were conducted to reduce iron and thermodynamic processes and reaction kinetics were studied.

Согласно стратегию развития строительной отрасли Кыргызской Республики на 2020-2030 годы жилищное строительство является одной из главных задач государства[1]. За последние годы объемы ввода жилых домов в республике стабильно увеличивались. На территории Кыргызской Республики достаточном объёме имеются  значительные запасы нерудных полезных ископаемых для производства строительных материалов различного назначения. Однако, существующие мощности удовлетворяют лишь малую часть потребностей строительного комплекса и, как следствие, существенную долю на рынке занимает импортная продукция, значительно увеличивающая стоимость объектов строительства. В связи с отсутствием развитой промышленности интеллектуальных и инновационных строительных материалов, влияние производственных процессов на окружающую среду, таких как производство цемента, кирпича, извести, бетона и других, носит локальный характер.

Energy poverty has become one of the most important issues of recent times. It is possible to say that there are many factors that cause energy poverty today. Some of these factors can be listed as inefficient use of energy, high energy production costs due to global problems and the reflection of these cost increases on prices, lack of sufficient energy resources in the country or difficulties in accessing energy resources and individuals not being able to access energy sufficiently due to decreases in real income levels. Evaluating the issue on a country basis can also lead to some mistakes. Because even if a country is considered a developed country, income distribution differences among individuals living in that country can cause energy poverty problems in that country. Energy poverty tends to be a major problem especially in countries where income distribution imbalances are high and the majority of the population has low income levels. Central Asian Turkish Republics have their own energy resources and their geographical locations make the energy of these countries more valuable. Because the Central Asian Turkic Republics are neighbors with China, which has made significant progress towards becoming a superpower, and this geographical proximity to China means a large market where they can sell their energy and therefore a large source of income for the Central Asian Turkic Republics. This study aims to evaluate the energy poverty of selected Central Asian Turkic Republics, which have significant amounts of oil, natural gas and renewable energy resources, in the period 2000-2022. As a result of the examinations, it was determined that as of 2022, energy poverty is an issue in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in terms of having clean fuels and cooking technologies, but energy poverty is not an issue in Turkmenistan, and energy poverty is not an issue in all selected Central Asian Countries in terms of access to electricity

This research presents an intelligent control algorithm to improve the energy efficiency of parallel centrifugal pumping systems, widely used in industrial and municipal applications. Parallel pumping systems are vital for handling variable flow demands and ensuring operational reliability. However, conventional control methods often lead to energy inefficiencies due to suboptimal operation and static control mechanisms.

The study begins by modeling the dynamics of parallel pumping systems, considering parameters such as flow rate, head, and energy consumption. Using pump performance curves and affinity laws, the proposed control algorithm dynamically adjusts pump operations based on real-time demand, ensuring optimal energy efficiency. Unlike traditional methods, the algorithm eliminates the need for startup measurements and integrates adaptive staging and de-staging techniques. Experimental results show that the intelligent control algorithm improves energy efficiency by 15% compared to traditional methods.

The methodology includes simulation and experimental validation. MATLAB/Simulink simulations verify the algorithm's effectiveness under varying operational conditions, while a prototype system with DSP-based VFD controllers demonstrates its practical applicability. The results indicate significant energy savings, enhanced operational stability, and reduced wear and tear compared to conventional methods.

The proposed approach offers scalability and adaptability, making it suitable for diverse applications such as power generation, wastewater treatment, and industrial processes. This work contributes to the development of sustainable and energy-efficient solutions for industrial systems.

Ushbu maqolada yashil energiya texnologiyalarining barqaror rivojlanishdagi o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Quyosh, shamol, gidroenergetika va biomassa kabi qayta tiklanadigan energiya manbalari iqlim o‘zgarishlariga qarshi kurash va uglerod chiqindilarini kamaytirish vositasi sifatida ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, yashil energiya iqtisodiyotga, xususan, yangi ish o‘rinlarini yaratishga va uzoq hududlarda elektr energiyasi ta’minotini yaxshilashga qo‘shayotgan hissasi yoritiladi. Kelajakda yadro sintezi, vodorod energiyasi va aqlli tarmoqlar (smart-grid) kabi innovatsion texnologiyalarning joriy qilinishi global energetika sohasidagi ekologik va iqtisodiy muammolarni hal qilishda asosiy rol o‘ynashi kutilmoqda. Maqola yashil energiyaning xalqaro va mahalliy miqyosda amalga oshirilayotgan strategiyalarini, shuningdek, mavjud muammolar va ularni hal qilish yo‘llarini ham qamrab oladi.

Energetik muammolar zamonaviy dunyodagi muhim masalalardan biridir. Ushbu maqola energetik muammolarni tahlil qilishda matematik yondoshuvlarning rolini o‘rganishga qaratilgan. Asosiy diqqat matematik modellash, optimallashtirish usullari va stoxastik yondoshuvlarning qo‘llanilishiga qaratiladi. Maqolada matematik yondoshuvlarning energetik samaradorlikni oshirish va resurslardan samarali foydalanishdagi ahamiyati muhokama qilinadi.

This article examines the challenges, solutions, and future prospects in the energy sector. Uzbekistan faces numerous ecological, economic, and technological issues in the process of energy production and transmission. Key problems include limited natural resources, environmental pollution, energy transmission losses, and outdated equipment. The article proposes solutions for improving efficiency and addressing environmental concerns by utilizing renewable energy sources, implementing modern technologies, and fostering international cooperation. It also highlights the importance of preparing young professionals for the energy sector through specialized educational programs and skill development.

There are unlimited sources of energy. Examples include solar energy. One of the promising directions for reducing energy resource consumption in the processes of moring and complete drying of cocoons is the use of solar radiation energy through photovoltaic systems to convert solar energy into electrical energy. The processes of primary treatment using both direct and indirect solar energy impact on live cocoons have been studied.

Анализ приведенных выше литературных данных показывает, что каждый тип термодатчика обладает определенными преимуществами перед остальными. Так максимальной температурной чувствительностью обладают полупроводниковые термисторы, максимальным температурным диапазоном – термопары, максимальной линейностью – резистивные датчики температура (РДТ) и т. д. Как известно есть у них свои специфические недостатки. Термопары нуждаются в температурной компенсации холодного спая, РДТ обладают малой чувствительностью или большой инерционностью, температурная характеристика термистора не линейна и т. д. Выбор материала термодатчика обусловлен стабильностью параметров. Использование компенсированны полупроводники для разработка термодатчика обладает большой температурной чувствительностью в диапазоне – 60 ¸ +160 ^оС.

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy energiya ishlab chiqarish texnologiyalarining rivojlanishi va ularning global ekologik va iqtisodiy ta’siri ko‘rib chiqiladi. An’anaviy energiya manbalari, qayta tiklanadigan energiya texnologiyalari (quyosh, shamol, gidroenergetika, biomassa) va innovatsion usullar (yadro sintezi, vodorod energiyasi, geotermal energiya) tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada energiya ishlab chiqarishning ekologik tozaligini oshirish, uglerod chiqindilarini kamaytirish va barqaror rivojlanishni ta’minlash masalalariga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Ushbu texnologiyalarning kelajakdagi imkoniyatlari va ularni rivojlantirishning strategik ahamiyati ham yoritilgan.

Mazkur maqolada Yurtimizda energetika sohasini rivojlantirish va uni yangi bosqichga olib chiqish, dunyo tajribalarini amalda qo`llab, mavjud resurslardan oqilona foydalanishga qaratilgan chora tadbirlar ko`rsatib beriladi. Aholining asosiy qismini elektr energiyasi bilan ta`minlash masalalari va resurslar tanqisligi kabi muammolarning bartaraf etilishi ko`rib chiqiladi.

The author of the article raises issues of nuclear enerjy development: plus and minus. Analyzes power plants bay type. Indicates ways to solve nuclear enerqi problems.

Ushbu maqolada quyosh panellarini changlanishdan tozalashning usullari va ularning afzalliklari o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqotda Tashkent shahridagi chang ko‘p bo‘lgan hududlarda to‘plangan ma’lumotlar asosida turli tozalash usullarining samaradorligi va iqtisodiy jihatlari tahlil qilingan. Changlangan panellarning samaradorligi o‘rtacha 30% ga pasaygani, tozalashdan so‘ng dastlabki holatga qaytgani aniqlangan. Turli tozalash texnologiyalari, jumladan, qo‘lda tozalash, avtomatlashtirilgan tizimlar, suv bilan yuvish va nano qoplamalarning samaradorlik darajalari solishtirilib, ularning iqtisodiy afzalliklari ko‘rsatilgan. Ushbu tadqiqot quyosh panellarining uzoq muddatli samaradorligini ta’minlashda tozalashning muhimligini ko‘rsatadi va amaliy tavsiyalar beradi.

Ushbu maqola O‘zbekiston sharoitida quyosh panellarida to‘plangan chang tarkibini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqotda quyosh panellari yuzasida chang qatlami qalinligining samaradorlikka va yorug‘lik o‘tkazuvchanligiga ta’siri o‘rganildi. Paneldan olingan chang namunalari laboratoriyada tahlil qilinib, uning asosiy tarkibiy qismlari aniqlandi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, chang qatlami panellar samaradorligini 15-25% gacha pasaytiradi va yorug‘lik o‘tkazuvchanligini sezilarli darajada kamaytiradi. Tadqiqot yakunida quyosh panellarining samaradorligini oshirish uchun avtomatlashtirilgan tozalash tizimlarini joriy etish va maxsus qoplamalar ishlatish bo‘yicha takliflar berildi.

Pul oqimi boshqaruvi har qanday korxona uchun muvaffaqiyat va barqarorlikning asosiy
omillaridan biri hisoblanadi.

Mazkur maqolada iqtisodiyot tarmoqlarining innovatsion rivojlanishi sharoitida yoshlarni biznesga keng jalb etish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Unda innovatsion texnologiyalarning yangi biznes g‘oyalarni shakllantirishdagi roli, ta'lim tizimining ahamiyati, moliyaviy qo‘llab-quvvatlashning zarurligi hamda davlat siyosatining yosh tadbirkorlarni rag‘batlantirishdagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, yoshlarni xalqaro bozorga integratsiya qilish imkoniyatlari va innovatsion biznes modellarining afzalliklari muhokama
qilinadi. Maqola innovatsion iqtisodiyot sharoitida yoshlarning iqtisodiy faolligini oshirishga doir amaliy tavsiyalarni ham o‘z ichiga oladi.

Mazkur maqolada iqtisodiyot va biznes jarayonlarini o‘qitishda zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalarni qo‘llashning ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Ta’lim tizimida innovatsion yondashuvlar va texnologiyalarning keng tatbiqi o‘quv jarayonining samaradorligini oshirishda muhim rol o‘ynashi ko‘rsatib berilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada interaktiv dars usullari, masofaviy ta’lim platformalari, simulyatsiya va o‘yin texnologiyalarining o‘qituvchilar va talabalarning bilimlarini rivojlantirishga ta’siri ko‘rib chiqiladi. O‘qitish jarayonida zamonaviy texnologiyalardan foydalanishni takomillashtirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

The proposed scientific article examines the features of the organization and implementation of accounting in small enterprises of the Kyrgyz Republic in accordance with international financial reporting standards (IFRS), clarifies their theoretical and practical provisions. The object of the study was the process of accounting in small businesses in Kyrgyzstan using the example of Osh-Temir LLC. Based on the results of the study, based on the study of the procedure for maintaining accounting in small businesses using the example of Osh-Temir LLC, ways to improve them in accordance with IFRS were proposed.

The article explores the key factors influencing the formation of regional economic competitiveness in the context of innovative development. The role of innovation as a driving force for economic growth and its impact on improving socio-economic indicators is examined. The main elements contributing to the creation of a favorable environment for innovation implementation, including infrastructure development, human capital, investments, and government support, are analyzed. Special attention is given to the mechanisms of interaction between research organizations, businesses, and government authorities. Based on the analyzed data, recommendations are proposed to enhance regional economic competitiveness by strengthening innovation potential.

Ushbu maqola ilmiy tadqiqotlarning iqtisodiy rivojlanishga ta'sirini tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlangan. Ilmiy izlanishlar innovatsiyalarni shakllantirish, texnologik rivojlanishni tezlashtirish va iqtisodiy o‘sishni rag‘batlantirishdagi muhim omil sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada ilmiy tadqiqotlarning turli sohalar, jumladan, ishlab chiqarish, qishloq xo‘jaligi, xizmat ko‘rsatish va sanoat sektorlariga ta'siri o‘rganilgan. Bundan tashqari, ilmiy tadqiqotlarni qo‘llab-quvvatlash va ularning natijalarini iqtisodiyotda amaliyotga joriy etishning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari ilmiy izlanishlarning innovatsion faoliyat va iqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta'minlashdagi ahamiyatini tasdiqlaydi hamda ilm-fan va texnologiyaga investitsiyalarni oshirish zarurligini ta'kidlaydi. Maqola iqtisodiyotda ilmiy faoliyatni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan strategik qarorlar uchun ilmiy asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

This article provides proposals for the organization of work on forecasting tax revenues for the formation of the state budget and the introduction of a wide range of methods for forecasting tax revenues in order to improve existing innovative approaches to determining the needs of expenditures in the budget and the main aspects of equalization programs, improving the efficiency of public finance management.

This article describes the concept of Islamic finance, its differences and advantages from a simple financial system. The state of the global Islamic financial market, in which the role of Islamic banks is analyzed. International experience was studied, the problems of the population's access to financial services were identified and ways to solve them were suggested.

Ushbu maqolada Iqtisodiy masalalarni yechishda matritsalar tushunchasidan foydalanish haqida bo‘lib korxonaning har bir maxsulot turi bo‘yicha xajmini, har bir keying oyda avvalgi oyga nisbatan ishlab chiqarish hajmini o‘sishini mahsulot turilari va sexlar bo‘yicha korxonaning bir kvartalda ishlab chiqargan barcha mahsulotlarining umumiy qiymatini topish ifodalangan. Shu va shu kabi iqtisodiy masalalarni yechishda ham matritsalar tushunchasidan samarali foydalanish mumkin.

В статье рассматривается процесс постиндустриализации национальной экономики, который представляет собой важный этап трансформации от индустриального к постиндустриальному обществу. Основное внимание уделяется сдвигу от производства товаров к предоставлению услуг и использованию информационных технологий как основного источника экономического роста. Анализируются ключевые теоретические основы постиндустриализации, включая три сектора экономики, роль знаний и инноваций, а также социальные изменения, вызванные этим процессом. Обсуждаются вызовы и препятствия на пути постиндустриализации, такие как неравенство, деиндустриализация и необходимость реформ в образовании. В заключение предлагаются рекомендации для успешного перехода к постиндустриальной экономике, включая инвестиции в человеческий капитал и поддержку инновационной активности.

Ensuring the quality of asset portfolios of commercial banks, the need to ensure their financial stability and liquidity is considered one of the current issues. In this scientific article, an attempt was made to develop a scientific proposal and practical recommendations on ways to increase the efficiency of commercial banks' assets.

В данной статье расматривается проблемы экономики и финансов и дается прикладные решение этих проблем

This article examines the fundamental reforms in the tourism sector in our country in recent years, practical work and its results, attention and recognition of prestigious international organizations, our place in international rankings, the number of tourists visiting our republic and outlines the conditions created for them and priority tasks that can be solved in the future.

In this article, an attempt was made to highlight the use of innovative marketing methods in business, their application in business and the achievement ofresults by defining a strategy in business. In addition, the specific features of innovative marketing, stages of development, and the conceptual foundations of thedevelopment of innovative marketing in business are determined. This article can beused by representatives of all fields engaged in scientific activity, including professors, doctoral students, masters and students.

Mazkur maqolada davlat byudjeti mablag’laridan samarali foydalanish va moliyaviy nazoratni kuchaytirish yo’llari to’g’risida keng ko’lamda ko’rsatib o’tilgan. Asosan daromadlar maqsadli ravishda xarajatlarga yo’naltirilishi orqali satistik ma`lumotlari  keltirilib o’tilgan.

This article is devoted to the study of the prospects for managing electronic rating indicators of construction companies in the digital economy. The article analyzes the role of electronic rating systems in the activities of construction companies, their impact on improving efficiency, ensuring transparency and enhancing competitiveness. The results of the study showed that rating indicators increase the reliability of enterprises, increase their investment attractiveness and expand financial opportunities. It also emphasizes the need for technological infrastructure, standardization and training of qualified personnel for the practical application of rating systems. The article shows that the introduction of electronic rating systems is important for expanding the use of digital technologies in the construction industry and giving additional impetus to the development of the industry.

Ushbu maqola ilmiy tadqiqotlarning iqtisodiy rivojlanishga ta'sirini tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlangan. Ilmiy izlanishlar innovatsiyalarni shakllantirish, texnologik rivojlanishni tezlashtirish va iqtisodiy o‘sishni rag‘batlantirishdagi muhim omil sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada ilmiy tadqiqotlarning turli sohalar, jumladan, ishlab chiqarish, qishloq xo‘jaligi, xizmat ko‘rsatish va sanoat sektorlariga ta'siri o‘rganilgan. Bundan tashqari, ilmiy tadqiqotlarni qo‘llab-quvvatlash va ularning natijalarini iqtisodiyotda amaliyotga joriy etishning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari ilmiy izlanishlarning innovatsion faoliyat va iqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta'minlashdagi ahamiyatini tasdiqlaydi hamda ilm-fan va texnologiyaga investitsiyalarni oshirish zarurligini ta'kidlaydi. Maqola iqtisodiyotda ilmiy faoliyatni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan strategik qarorlar uchun ilmiy asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

Бошқарув карорлари, стртегик бошқарув, иқтисодий карорлар

Кейинги йилларда банк тизимида жадал давом эттирилаётган янги ислоҳотлар аввало соҳага замонавий бозор механизмларини кенг жорий этишда намоён бўляпти. Бу ўз навбатида узоқ йиллар давомида республикамиз йирик банклари капиталининг асосий қисми давлатга тегишли бўлиб келгани билан изоҳлаш мумкин. Ушбу ҳолат эса республикамиз банк тизимида соғлом рақобатга ҳамда хизмат кўрсатиш сифатига салбий таъсир кўрсатиб келаётган эди. Бинобарин, олиб борилаётган янги ислоҳотларнинг кенг кўламида банклар фаолияти, айниқса, уларнинг инвестицион жараёнлардаги иштирокини кенгайтиришга қаратилган муҳим институционал ўзгаришлар амалга оширилаётнини кузатиш мумкин. Ушбу ислоҳотлар орқали Марказий банк халқаро молия институтлари кўмагида банк-молия тизимини ривожлантириш бўйича узоқ муддатли стратегия ишлаб чиқмоқда

The article analyzes data on demographic processes in Uzbekistan, develops measures to solve problems in these processes, develops scientific and practical proposals and recommendations for assessing the demographic situation in society and creating econometric models as a basis for determining the socio-economic prospects and forecasting its prospects.

В предлагаемой научной статье рассмотрены особенности организации и осущестления бухгалтерского учета в малых предприятиях Кыргызской Республики в соответствии с международными стандартами финансовой отчетности (МСФО), уточнены их теоретические и практические положения. Объектом исследования послужила процесс ведения бухгалтерского учета в малых предприятиях Кыргызстана на примере  ОсОО  «Ош-Темир». По результатам исследования на основе изучения порядок ведения бухгалтерского учета в малых предприятиях  на примере  ОсОО  «Ош-Темир» предложены пути их совершенствования в соответствии с МСФО.  

Ushbu maqola ekonometrika modellashtirishning iqtisodiy rivojlanishga ta'sirini o'rganishga qaratilgan. Ekonometrika modellarining turlari, jumladan, regressiya tahlili, zaman qatorlari tahlili va panel ma'lumotlar tahlili tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu usullar yordamida iqtisodiy ko'rsatkichlar aniqlanadi va prognozlar tuziladi. Maqolada ekonometrika modellashtirishning sanoat rivojlanishi, moliyaviy bozorlar prognozlari va davlat siyosatlarining samaradorligini oshirishdagi roli ko'rsatiladi. O'zbekiston va xalqaro misollar orqali ekonometrika modellashtirishning amaliy qo'llanishi yoritiladi. Maqolaning asosiy xulosasi shundan iboratki, ekonometrika modellashtirish iqtisodiy rivojlanishga muhim ta'sir ko'rsatadi va bu sohada keng imkoniyatlar mavjud.

Improving the quality of credit portfolio and risk management, following the moderate growth of lending volumes, maintaining a balanced macroeconomic policy.The secret of entrepreneurship. In business work, technology, creating new goods, finding a market, pricing, contracting, etc.are kept secret. The financial and credit system plays a key role in the economy of any state. This will not only ensure the use of financial resources by economic subects and residents, but also contribute to the development of the entire economy, improving budget and tax policies

Ushbu maqolada ilmiy tadqiqotda tadqiqotlar va innovatsiyalarning iqtisodiy rivojlanishga ta’siri o‘rganiladi. Tahlillar ko‘rsatadiki, ilmiy tadqiqotlar iqtisodiy o‘sishni, samaradorlikni va raqobatbardoshlikni oshirishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Ilmiy tadqiqotlar natijalari yangi texnologiyalarni yaratishga, mavjud bilimlarni yangilashga va iqtisodiy strategiyalarni takomillashtirishga yordam beradi. Shuningdek, tadqiqotlar innovatsion jarayonlarni rivojlantirishga va moliya sohasidagi ko‘plab muammolarni hal qilishga imkon beradi. Tadqiqotlar bilan birga davlat siyosati va investitsiyalarning iqtisodiy o‘sishga ta'siri o‘rgatiladi. Ushbu tadqiqot iqtisodiy rivojlanishda ilmiy tadqiqotlarning ahamiyatini va kerakligini ko‘rsatib beradi.

Ushbu maqolada Markaziy bank pul-kredit siyosatida inflyatsion targetlash rejimining afzalliklari hamda uning amaliy ahamiyati oshirish yo’llari atroflicha yoritilgan.

International financial relations refer to the economic interactions between countries, encompassing trade, investment flows, and monetary policies. These relations are essential for fostering global economic growth, development, and cooperation, but they also present a range of challenges. Imbalances in power, financial instability, and disparities in wealth distribution are some of the persistent issues that can hinder equitable development. The complexities of international financial systems, including issues such as currency volatility, trade imbalances, and national debt, further complicate the global economic landscape. Additionally, globalization and technological advancements introduce both opportunities and risks, requiring countries to navigate an increasingly interconnected and volatile environment. This paper explores the key problems within international financial relations and discusses potential solutions, with a focus on fostering fairness, resilience, and sustainability in the global economy. It examines the role of multilateral institutions, the need for regulatory coordination, and the importance of international collaboration in addressing the challenges of the modern global financial system. Ultimately, the paper highlights the importance of balancing economic integration with equitable growth to ensure a stable and prosperous future for all nations.

Ushbu maqola ekonometrika modellashtirishning iqtisodiy rivojlanishga ta'sirini o'rganishga qaratilgan. Ekonometrika modellarining turlari, jumladan, regressiya tahlili, zaman qatorlari tahlili va panel ma'lumotlar tahlili tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu usullar yordamida iqtisodiy ko'rsatkichlar aniqlanadi va prognozlar tuziladi. Maqolada ekonometrika modellashtirishning sanoat rivojlanishi, moliyaviy bozorlar prognozlari va davlat siyosatlarining samaradorligini oshirishdagi roli ko'rsatiladi. O'zbekiston va xalqaro misollar orqali ekonometrika modellashtirishning amaliy qo'llanishi yoritiladi. Maqolaning asosiy xulosasi shundan iboratki, ekonometrika modellashtirish iqtisodiy rivojlanishga muhim ta'sir ko'rsatadi va bu sohada keng imkoniyatlar mavjud.

Mazkur maqolada biznesda innovatsion marketing uslublaridan foydalanib, ularni biznesda qo’llash va biznes yuritishda strategiyani belgilab natijaga erishishni yoritib berishga harakat qilingan. Undan tashqari innovatsion marketingning o’ziga hos hususiyatlari, rivojlanish bosqichlari, biznesda innovatsion marketingni rivojlantirishning konseptual asoslari belgilab berilgan. Mazkur maqoladan ilmiy faoliyat bilan shugullanuvchi barcha soha vakillari jumladan professor-o’qituvchilar, doktorantlar, magistrlar hamda talabalar foydalanishlarimumkin

Maqolada pul mablag’i tushunchasi haqida to’xtalib, Buxgalteriya hisoboti milliy standarti unda belgilangan umumiy qoidalar, maqsadi, amal qilish sohasi, pul mablag’i kabi tushunchalar aks etgan. Qolaversa, maqolada pul mablag’lari oqimining shakllanishi, o’zlik mablag’lari, jalb qilingan mablag’lar, qarz mablag’lari, operativ pul mablag’lari to’g’risida ham ma’lumot keltirib o’tilgan. Korxonalarda pul mablag’lari oqimini samarali boshqarish va optimallashtirishdagi bir qancha tamoyillar keltirib o’tilgan.

Davlat qanchalik rivojlanganligini ko’rish uchun o’sha davlatning axoli turmush darajasiga e’tibor qaratish yetarlidir. Qaysiki davlatda tadbirkorlik kichik biznes rivojlangan bo’lsa, salohiyatli kadrlar yetarli bo’lsa o’sha davlat axolisining turmush darajasi yuqori va farovon hayot kechirayotganligidan dalolat beradi. Mamlakatimizda ishlab chiqarishni rivojlantirish asosiy  masalalarimizdan iborat. Bugungi “Bozor iqtisodiyoti” sharoitida olib borilayotgan islohotlar ayni iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirishga qaratilgandir. Mustaqillikka erishishimizdanoq birinchi Prezidentimiz tomonidan kichik biznes, kasanachilik, xunarmandchilik va tadbirkorlikning boshqa yo’nalishlariga katta e’tibor qaratdi. Davlat tasarrufidagi korxonalar xususiylashtirilishi, oilaviy va yakka tadbirkorlikka e’tibor qaratilishi yaqqol misol bo’la oladi. Statistik ma’lumotlarga ko’ra, O’zbekistonda sanoat korxonalari 2024 yil 1-noyabrga qadar 113 797 korxona ro’yhatdan o’tgan.

Ushbu maqolada hozirgi global rivojlanish davrida innovatsiyalar mamlakatimiz iqtisodiy barqarorligini rivojlantirishning eng xarakterli xususiyatlaridan biriga aylanib borayotganligi va bozor rivojlanishini tezlashtiruvchi omil sifatida tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, maqolada bugungi kunning rivojlanishi uchun hamda taraqqiy topishida innovatsiyalarning nechog’lik muhim ahamiyatga ega ekanligi hamda innovatsion loyihalarni moliyalashtirishdagi imtiyozlar haqida keltirib o’tilgan.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasida biznes muhitini yaxshilash va investitsion loyihalardan samarali foydalanish jarayonlarini takomillashtirish masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Biznes faoliyatini rivojlantirishda huquqiy asoslarni mustahkamlash, tadbirkorlar uchun qulay shart-sharoitlar yaratish va byurokratik to‘siqlarni kamaytirishning ahamiyati yoritilgan. Shuningdek, investitsion loyihalarni hududiy ixtisoslashuv asosida rivojlantirish, davlat-xususiy sheriklikni kengaytirish va raqamli texnologiyalarni joriy etish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar berilgan. Mazkur maqola O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyotining barqaror rivojlanishiga hissa qo‘shuvchi yangi mexanizmlarni taklif etishga qaratilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Oʻzbekistonda biznes muhitini yaxshilash va investitsion loyihalardan samarali foydalanish jarayonlarini takomillashtirish masalalari tahlil qilinadi. [1, 3]Asosiy e’tibor iqtisodiyotni diversifikatsiya qilish, biznes sub’yektlari uchun qulay sharoitlar yaratish, xorijiy va mahalliy investitsiyalarni jalb etishning huquqiy va institutsional asoslarini mustahkamlashga qaratiladi. Shuningdek, investitsion muhitni rivojlantirishda infratuzilma, raqamli texnologiyalar, soliq siyosati va byurokratik toʻsiqlarni kamaytirish kabi omillar muhokama qilinadi. Maqolada xorijiy tajribalar va milliy strategiyalarni tahlil qilish asosida biznes va investitsiyalar uchun shaffof va barqaror tizim yaratish boʻyicha takliflar ilgari suriladi.

Мақолада трансформация тушунчасининг мазмуни ва моҳити, унинг илмий асослари ва асосий йўналишлари келтирилган. Трансформацияга доир дунё олимларининг илмий қарашлари ва асосий ғоялари ёритилган

Mazkur maqola O'zbekistonda biznesni rivojlantirish va investitsion loyihalar asosida samaradorlikni oshirishga qaratilgan amaliy usullarni va ularni takomillashtirish yo'llarini tahlil qiladi. O'zbekistonning iqtisodiy islohotlar jarayoni va investitsiya muhiti muhokama qilinadi, shuningdek, biznesning rivojlanishiga ta'sir qiluvchi asosiy omillar, xususan, davlat va xususiy sektor o'rtasidagi hamkorlik, qonuniy asoslar, iqtisodiy sharoitlar, va moliyaviy imkoniyatlar tahlil etiladi. O'zbekiston hukumati tomonidan amalga oshirilgan keng ko'lamli iqtisodiy islohotlar, xususan, soliq siyosati, korporativ huquq va biznesni boshqarish tizimidagi o'zgarishlar haqida batafsil ma'lumot beriladi. Maqolada shuningdek, O'zbekistonda investitsiyalarning jozibadorligini oshirish va investitsion loyihalarning samaradorligini ta'minlash uchun qanday yangi texnologiyalarni joriy etish, eksport imkoniyatlarini kengaytirish va yirik infratuzilma loyihalarini amalga oshirish zarurligi haqida fikrlar bildirilib, ushbu sohalarda yuzaga kelayotgan muammolarni hal qilish uchun innovatsion yechimlar taklif etiladi. O'zbekistonda biznesni rivojlantirishning keyingi bosqichlarini rejalashtirishda, shuningdek, mamlakatning geosiyosiy va iqtisodiy imkoniyatlarini inobatga olgan holda, yangi investitsiya loyihalarini joriy qilish uchun ilg'or yondashuvlar va metodologiyalarni qo'llash muhimligi ta'kidlanadi. O'zbekistonning investitsion yondoshuvlarini takomillashtirishda davlat-xususiy sheriklik, yangi texnologiyalarni jalb etish va ta'lim tizimini rivojlantirishning ahamiyati katta.

Ushbu maqolada tadbirkorlik va biznesni mamlakatimiz iqtisodiyotida naqadar muhimligi, oxirgi yillarda sohaga berilayotgan e‘tibor, biznes muhitni xozirgi kundagi holati xaqida fikr va mulohazalar berib o’tilgan.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada biznes jarayonlarini optimallashtirish uchun korxonalardan robotlar va su’niy intelektdan foydalanish masalalari boyicha atroflivha yoritilgan. Biznes sohasida robotatexnikalardan foydalanish ularning samaralari. Su’niy intelekt yordamida biznes jarayonlarini optimallashtirish.

Yurtimizda iqtisodiy o’sish sharoitida ijara munosabatlari keng rivojlanmoqda. Chunki kichik korxonalar asosiy vositalarni sotib olishiga moliyaviy holati to’g’ri kelmaydi va boshqa korxonalar o’zlarining foydalanayotgan aktivlarini ijaraga berishdan manfaatdor. Ushbu maqolada ijara hisobini yuritilishi va uning o’ziga xos xususiyatlari, afzalliklari ochib berilgan.

Ушбу мақола Ўзбекистон Республикасида долзарб бўлган тармоқлардан бири қишлоқ хўжалигидаги кластерларни фаолияти таҳлил қилинди. Бунга жаҳон иқтисодиётининг глобаллашуви ва халқаро молиявий ҳисобот стандартлари ролининг ортиб бораётгани ёрдам бермоқда.Ҳозирги даврга келиб давлатимиз томонидан тадбиркорлик фаолиятининг янги шароитларига ўтиш, бухгалтерия ҳисобининг асосий тамойилларини халқаро стандартларга яқинлаштириш мамлакатимизда молиявий натижаларни ҳисобга олишда биз учун янги консепцияни шакллантириш заруратини келтириб чиқарди. Шунингдек, кластерлар фаолиятини ривожлантириш бўйича таклифлар ишлаб чиқилди.

Ушбу мақолада инновацион иқтисодиёт шароитида бухгалтерия ҳисоби ва молия соҳаларида иш юритиш, унинг долзарб масалалари, Ўзбекистонда рақамли трансформация тушунчаси, инновацион иқтисодиётда рақамлаштиришни такомиллаштириш механизмлари ёритилган. Инновацион иқтисодиёт концепциялари асосида молия ва бухгалтерия ҳисоби соҳаларини ривожлантириш самарадорлигини оширишнинг услубий асослари бўйича фикр юритилган.

ushbu maqola yurtimizda iqtisodiyotni agrar soha iqtisodiyotini modernizatsiyalash sharoitida investitsiya loyihalarining o‘rni haqida tavsiyalar keltirilgan.

В настоящей статье приведены и анализированы известные в литературе информации о свойствах графена и его использовании в разработке новых способов применения в различных областях народного хозяйство. При этом отмечании что, в будущем эти новые свойства графена будут использованы при создании новых методов в различных областях производстве.

Инновации в розничной торговле не только обеспечивают покупателям удобство в совершении покупок, но и формирует трафик в розничные магазины, где клиенты с большей вероятностью склонны совершить дополнительные покупки, чем в мобильных приложениях или на сайтах. В данной статье изучены вопросы инновационного развития предприятий розничной торговли в условиях цифровой экономики. Инновации в розничной торговле позволяют обеспечить повышению социально-экономической эффективности предприятий розничной торговли.

ушбу мақола юртимизда иқтисодиётни инновацион фаоллигини оширишда таълимнинг, сифатли таълим ўрни ҳақида тавсиялар келтирилган.

ушбу мақола юртимизда иқтисодиётни инновацион фаоллигини оширишда таълимнинг, сифатли таълим ўрни ҳақида тавсиялар келтирилган.

В статье рассматривается проблема продовольственной безопасности в новом Узбекистане, которая характеризует состояние населения и государства в целом. Важно знать какие угрозы несет  в себе настоящая проблематика и как отражается качество продукции в  обществе. В работе изучены  существующие проблемы в области продовольственной безопасности и предложены действия по их решению.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada raqamli texnologiyalar elementi sifatida mobil ilova olingan. Bunda xozirgi kun messengerlaridan Telegram ilovasida talabalarning mutaxasislik fanidan biri Web dasturlashga kirish fanidan talabalarni baholash haqida ilmiy qarashlar zamonaviy ta’lim ped texnologiyalaridan Vizual dasturlash metodi asosida dastur tuzishning sodda va tushunarli usuli va messenger orqali baholash usulidan misol keltirilgan. Bu usul natijasi diagramma ko’rinishidagi statistik tahlilini ko’rish mumkin.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to a collection of technologies aimed at replicating mental functions such as thinking, decision-making, learning, understanding language, and communication in computer systems. AI systems can have the ability to self-learn, make decisions based on rules, reason logically, and even understand emotions, which are typically human traits. These technologies allow computers and robots to learn, replicate, and make decisions based on human intelligence and behavior.

Although AI programs are generally capable of making decisions similar to those of human intellect, the algorithms and datasets used in the decision-making process are different. The development and application of artificial intelligence are leading to revolutionary changes worldwide. These changes are affecting not only scientific and technological fields but also social, economic, and cultural areas. The impact of AI technologies on human life is growing daily, especially as new applications and possibilities are discovered.

This article analyzes the development of digital economy and start-up projects, and based on the obtained results, a number of problems in the development of digital economy and start-up projects in our country and their possible solutions are considered in detail. In addition, the mechanisms of creating platforms of digital technology of global significance in various sectors of the economy of our republic are described in detail.

Quantum cryptography leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to achieve unprecedented levels of data security. This paper examines the theoretical foundations, key algorithms, and real-world applications of quantum cryptography, with a focus on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). Key algorithms like BB84 and E91 are analyzed, with mathematical formulations provided to illustrate their security properties. Challenges, including scalability and side-channel vulnerabilities, are also addressed. The study concludes that while quantum cryptography is still evolving, its potential to secure communication against quantum and classical threats makes it a critical area for research and deployment.

Insider threats pose a significant challenge to organizational cybersecurity, often stemming from employees or contractors who have legitimate access to sensitive information. Unlike external threats, insider attacks can be particularly difficult to detect and mitigate due to the trusted status of the individuals involved. This article explores the various strategies organizations can implement to combat insider threats, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach that includes technological solutions, robust policies, and a strong organizational culture. By leveraging advanced monitoring tools, fostering a culture of security awareness, and implementing effective access controls, organizations can reduce the risks associated with insider threats and enhance their overall cybersecurity posture.

Ushbu maqola kiber xavfsizlik sohasidagi muhim muammolar va zaifliklarni o'rganib, raqamli asrda tahdidlarning murakkablashib borayotganini ta'kidlaydi. Ma'lumotlar buzilishi, zararli dastur, fishing hujumlari va tizimning zaifliklari kabi asosiy masalalarni, ularning shaxslar, tashkilotlar va hukumatlar uchun ta'sirini o'rganadi. Tadqiqot shuningdek, zamonaviy mudofaa mexanizmlarini, shu jumladan shifrlash, kirishni aniqlash tizimlari va ko'p faktorli autentifikatsiyani baholaydi va ularning xavflarni kamaytirishda samaradorligini ta'kidlaydi. Tadqiqot proaktiv chora-tadbirlarni qabul qilish va raqamli infratuzilmani ta'minlash uchun global hamkorlikni rivojlantirish muhimligini ta'kidlaydi.

В классической задаче интерполяции полиномы строятся на интервале [a,b]. Чем больше узлов, тем лучше аппроксимация. Возможности классических интерполяционных полиномов частично ограничены. Количество построенной системы алгебраических уравнений зависит от количества узлов, с увеличением числа узлов возрастает и порядок системы алгебраических уравнений. Этот выпуск широко используется при анализе погодных данных, цифровой обработке медицинских сигналов и анализе минеральных ресурсов. Большинство методов расчета основаны на замене функций, участвующих в постановке задачи, на функции, близкие к ней в определенном смысле и имеющие более простую структуру

Decentralized data warehousing architecture based on blockchain technology represents a transformative approach to data management, leveraging the inherent qualities of blockchain—such as security, transparency, and decentralization—to enhance the efficiency and integrity of data storage systems. Initially developed for cryptocurrencies, blockchain's applications have broadened significantly, with organizations increasingly adopting this technology across sectors including healthcare, finance, and supply chain management, recognizing its potential to mitigate the risks associated with traditional centralized databases.[1][2][3].

This article analyzes the complex interplay between cloud technologies and cybersecurity. While highlighting the advantages of using cloud services, it also addresses the risks associated with data insecurity, misconfiguration, and human error. The article details various methods for securing cloud infrastructure, including data encryption, access control, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of employee training and the implementation of security policies. The article provides practical recommendations for the secure use of cloud technologies and aids in developing a strategy for protection against cyberattacks. It thoroughly describes threat types and mitigation methods, as well as the importance of regular software updates and security audits. The structure of the article follows a logical progression, moving from identifying vulnerabilities to outlining preventative measures and best practices.

Mazkur maqolada zararli dasturlar orqali amalga oshiriladigan kiberxavfsizlik tahdidlari va uning kompyuterlar, serverlar, mobil qurilmalar, elektron tizimlar, tarmoqlar va ma’lumotlarni zararli hujumlardan himoya qilish usullari to’g’risida ma’lumotlar berilgan. Ushbu maqola xavfsizlik prinsiplari, muhim xavfsizlik nazorati va kiberxavfsizlikning eng yaxshi amaliyotlarini o’z ichiga olgan xavfsizlik asoslarini tushuntiradi. Xavfsizlik dasturlari potensial zararli dasturlarni foydalanuvchining xatti harakatlarini tahlil qilish va yangi infeksiyalarni qanday yaxshiroq aniqlashni o’rganish uchun yo’l yo’riqlar ko’rsatilgan.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing cybersecurity by enabling advanced threat detection, predictive analytics, and automated responses. However, its misuse for sophisticated cyberattacks has raised significant concerns. This study explores AI's dual role, presenting algorithms and models that power defensive and offensive AI applications. Mitigation strategies are discussed to balance these challenges.

Distributed Data Warehouses (DDWs) are sophisticated systems designed to store and manage large datasets across multiple locations, providing organizations with enhanced performance, scalability, and flexibility compared to traditional centralized data warehouses. The emergence of DDWs addresses the challenges posed by increasing data volumes and the need for real-time analytics, making them a crucial component of modern data management strategies. As businesses increasingly rely on data-driven decision-making, the significance of DDWs has grown, garnering attention from both industry practitioners and academic researchers alike.

Cloud databases offer several advantages when it comes to enhancing data security and access management. By leveraging cloud infrastructure, organizations can significantly improve their security posture and address many common concerns associated with data protection. Firstly, cloud data security involves the practice of protecting data and digital information assets from threats, human error, and insider threats by employing advanced technologies, policies, and processes[1]. This ensures that data remains confidential yet accessible to authorized users, mitigating the risk of data loss during outages or incidents and enhancing overall scalability and agility[1].

Ushbu maqola kiber xavfsizlik sohasidagi muhim muammolar va zaifliklarni o’rganib, raqamli asrda tahdidlarning murakkablashib borayotganini ta’kidlaydi. Ma’lumotlar buzilishi, zararli dastur, fishing hujumlari va tizimning zaifliklari kabi asosiy masalalarni, ularning shaxslar, tashkilotlar va hukumatlar uchun ta’sirini o’rganadi. Tadqiqot shuningdek, zamonaviy mudofaa mexanizmlarini, shu jumladan shifrlash, kirishni aniqlash tizimlari va ko’p faktorli autentifikatsiyani baholaydi va ularning xavflarni kamaytirishda samaradorligini ta’kidlaydi. Tadqiqot proaktiv chora-tadbirlarni qabul qilish va raqamli infratuzilmani ta’minlash uchun global hamkorlikni rivojlantirish muhimligini ta’kidlaydi.

Ushbu maqola sun’iy intellekt (SI) sohasidagi xatoliklar, jumladan, algoritmik xatoliklar, ma’lumotlarning aniqlik mavjudligi, muammolar va xavfsizlikka oid zaifliklar tahlil qilinadi. Maqola, shuningdek, har bir muammoni hal qilish uchun taklif etilgan optimal yechimlarni taqdim etadi.

This article provides an in-depth overview of the development of artificial intelligence (AI), its key technologies, and its significance in our lives. AI encompasses a collection of technologies designed to replicate certain human cognitive functions through computer systems. The article explores the history of AI, its current state, core methodologies, applications across various fields, and future potential. Specific examples highlight AI's impact in sectors such as healthcare, transportation, education, security, and social media. By analyzing the economic, social, and cultural influences of AI, the article emphasizes the critical role of this technology in shaping the future.

In this article, the scientific significance of the development of students' information competence based on digital technologies when focusing on modern professions is "Competence with information when focusing on a profession", "Development of information competence when choosing a future profession", "Pedagogical problems of developing information competence for the purpose of integration into professional fields" The scientific analysis of such concepts was studied and the goal was set to identify the problems.

Ushbu maqolada kiberxavfsizlik va ilm-fan sohasidagi asosiy muammolar hamda ularni hal etish uchun zamonaviy yondashuvlar tahlil qilinadi. Ilmiy ma‘lumotlarning himoyasi, tadqiqot infratuzilmasining barqarorligi va intellektual mulkni saqlash kabi masalalar kiberxavfsizlikning ilm-fan rivojidagi o‘rni bilan bog‘liq holda ko‘rib chiqilgan. Mualliflar kiberhujumlarning murakkablashishi, inson omiliga bog‘liq xatarlar va resurslarning yetishmasligi kabi dolzarb masalalarni aniqlab, ta‘lim va zamonaviy texnologiyalarni joriy etish orqali muammolarni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha tavsiyalarni taklif qiladilar. Mazkur tadqiqot ilm-fan rivoji uchun kiberxavfsizlikning muhimligini ochib beradi va yechimlar bo‘yicha qimmatli ma‘lumotlarni taqdim etadi

As the first link of the continuous education system in our country, work and priority directions are being determined for the further improvement of the preschool education system. We know that today there is an emphasis on equal rights in the education of families with special needs and their children with disabilities, and socialization of them into the society. At a time when the field of education is rapidly growing, the work aimed at integrating the education of children with special needs and inclusive education is progressing. Families with special needs, children with disabilities and effective implementation of inclusive education among society, it is not without reason that the first link of continuous education starts with preschool education. In preschool educational organizations, the issues of accepting children with special needs and limited opportunities and making them healthy and educating them along with healthy children are being promoted.

Today, the concepts of working with digital technologies, digital literacy, and media literacy have become widely popular in all areas of our society. As the first link of the continuous education system, emphasis is placed on the formation of digital competencies of teachers-pedagogues who take an active place in the educational processes of the preschool education organization. It is not without reason that, in order to improve the media literacy of future educators studying in state and non-state higher education institutions, media literacy classes in the field of science, IT clubs opened under the university, innovative clubs to improve the knowledge, skills and qualifications of educators. Currently, working with specialists who have the ability to work with IT and digital resources is an urgent issue.

in preschool children, Games open up a number of possibilities, in children they include a good introduction to communication,playing as a team,making friends, having a close relationship with each other. The development of speech of preschool children is a complex psychological process,which does not consist only in imitating the speech heard by the child. This process is due to the development of communicative activity in children and,first of all, the careful presence of communication.In a preschool organization, children's communicability arises between different individuals and children of different temperaments. This reveals the possibilities of communication through games in the formation of communicability in children

This article explores the place and significance of great thinkers such as Qozizoda Rumi, Ghiyas al-Din Jamshid, and one of Ulugh Beg’s most outstanding disciples — the renowned scholar Ali Kushchi, who is likened to the Ptolemy of his era. It highlights their contribution to the history of science, philosophy, and worldview within the context of the Second Renaissance in Central Asia.

ушбу мақолада халқимизнинг қадимий қараш ва  диний эътиқодларида муҳим ўрин эгаллаган етти рақами билан боғлиқ тушунчалар ёритиб берилган. Бу рақамнинг мифология, дин ва тасаввуфдаги моҳияти очиб берилади ҳамда еттининг сирли ва магик кучга эга бўлиш сабабларига эътибор қаратилади.

Biz amalga oshirayotgan tadqiqotda jamiyatdagi mavjud sotsial institutlarning inson omilini rivojlantirish borasidagi hamda mazkur institutlarning intelektual salohiyatni amalga oshirish borasidagi faoliyatlarini ilmiy o‘rganish, ularni tizimli holatda tahlil qilish, intlektni rivojlanishi jarayoning o‘zgarish tendensiyalarini ilmiy  bashorat qilish va ijtimoiy holatdagi jamoatchilik fikrini shakllantirish masalalariga alohida e’tibor qaratiladi. Jamiyatdagi intelektual salohiyatni  yoshlar tomonidan munosib turmush tarzini tashkil etishga bo‘lgan jarayonga ta’siri va imkoniyatini baholash hamda bashorat qilish jamiyatda mavjud institutlardagi holatni tizimli tahlil qilish va aniqlashni taqozo etadi.

The article is devoted to the development and characteristics of mobile education as a form of distance education. The article analyzes the main factors ensuring the popularity of mobile education, such as the development of mobile technologies, access to the Internet, and the rapid expansion of the capabilities of educational programs. The problems that teachers and students face when using mobile devices in the educational process are considered, including limited screen space, the need to adapt content, as well as issues of security and data protection. The article also discusses the prospects of mobile education, including its integration with other modern methods of distance education, the use of artificial intelligence to personalize education, as well as possible changes in the education system in connection with the further development of mobile technologies.

In this article, the competence of a psychologist is the ability to understand the individual characteristics of specialist students, their attitudes towards reading and the level of self - awareness. This article will consider innovative techniques used in modern education to improve the competence of a psychologist. The importance of developing the competence of a psychologist in modern education is that students not only receive knowledge, but also need psychological support for them. The competence of a psychologist gives the teacher modern opportunities.

This article examines the fundamental reforms in the tourism sector in our country in recent years, practical work and its results, attention and recognition of prestigious international organizations, our place in international rankings, the number of tourists visiting our republic and outlines the conditions created for them and priority tasks that can be solved in the future.

The article provides information on the importance of using fairy tales in educating and raising preschool children through a competence-based approach, the development of core competencies in 6-7-year-old children, and the formation of competencies in various areas of development. It discusses the role of fairy tales in developing the social consciousness of preschool children, shaping their personal qualities, fostering good relationships with parents, adults, and friends, acquiring basic knowledge about the world, and developing personal "I" qualities. Fairy tales, not only as interesting stories but also as an essential tool for fostering creativity, broadening children's abilities, and providing holistic education, have significant importance. The article also reveals how practical exercises based on fairy tales positively influence the development of competencies in preschool children. 

Some approaches to active games were studied, many games of 7-8 year old children are of a plot-lively expressive nature, the child's cardiovascular system, unlike that of adults, is studied, the proportions of blood vessels are studied, the content, types and forms of active games are studied.

In this article, the socio-pedagogical features of the development of digital competence necessary for future physical education teachers and other pedagogues are discussed, social and educational factors affecting the ability of individuals to effectively and responsibly interact with digital technologies. Detailed information is given about the intersection of the factors of lim. the analysis of competence formation programs, the terms digital literacy and digital competence and their place in the professional activity of future professional education teachers are studied.

This article deals with the organization and planning of music lessons in preschool educational organizations, how to develop the aesthetic education, musical taste and worldview of preschool children, how to increase children's interest and love for music, the process of musical activities, artistic creativity and develop feelings, it is thought that it is possible to carry out works such as moral-aesthetic education of children by means of the artistic-ideal content of the works, instilling passion in students for profession and work in music lessons.

This article is devoted to the issues of forming and developing a healthy lifestyle among students in educational institutions, revealing the objective and subjective factors influencing this process.

This article examines the relevance and importance of design competence in the preschool education system. The study analyzes the theoretical foundations, pedagogical strategies, and practical methods of instilling a design culture in children. Developing design competence fosters creative thinking, analytical approaches, and problem-solving skills in children. This approach positively impacts children's intellectual and social development, preparing them for future life.

In the article, in the practical activities of the continuous education teacher, in the process of effectively organizing lessons and solving the problem of continuous education of upper classes, an important stage of the mental activity of students is to think of a way to solve it or to make a hypothesis and justify the hypothesis. The educational problem is developed consistently with problematic questions, and each question serves as a stage in its solution. The components of the problem, the nature of the relationship between the known and the unknown, create a need for knowledge and encourage the search for active knowledge.

An important aspect of organizing and conducting problem-based training sessions in the continuing education system is that the teacher must have a good understanding of both its educational and educational functions. A teacher should never give students a ready-made truth or solution, but should motivate them to acquire knowledge, help them process information, events, time and events in their minds that are necessary in training and life activities.

In the article, the practical activities of the physical education teacher highlight the possibilities of   effectively organizing classes and shaping the physical qualities of high school students, physically educating students, increasing the effectiveness of physical health and public sports activities held outside the classroom.

The field of visual art has developed over a long period of human history, standing out with its rich and diverse achievements. This discipline combines artistic and scientific approaches, playing an important role in studying the creative activities of artists, understanding aesthetic values, and preserving the cultural heritage of historical periods. The development of visual art began in ancient times, with symbolic depictions and ritualistic art forms. Over the centuries, new styles, techniques, and methods in visual art were created, reflecting the unique cultural and social characteristics of each era. Starting from the Renaissance, visual art evolved not only from an aesthetic perspective but also from a scientific viewpoint, with new scientific concepts such as optics and perspective being applied to art. In contemporary times, visual art stands out not only as an artistic activity but also as a tool for addressing social issues, highlighting ecological and political matters. Furthermore, new technologies, digital art, and interactive media have expanded the boundaries of visual art even further. This article will analyze the history of the development of visual art, its major achievements, and its significance in society.

Jamiyat huquqi bilimga ega, ijtimoiy jihatdan yetuk, erkin shaxsga muhtoj. Chunki jamiyat ichida ko‘p ijtimoiy, siyosiy va iqtisodiy o‘zgarishlar, bolalarning huquqiy savodxonligini rivojlantirish uchun bo‘lgan e’tiborni kuchaytirmoqda. Jamiyat rivojining muhim talablaridan biri bu ijtimoiy taraqqiyotga qodir, shaxsning huquq va erkinliklarini hurmat qiladigan, demokratik davlat va jamiyat taraqqiyotiga ko‘maklashadigan yosh avlodni tarbiyalashdir. O‘quvchilarni huquq ongni rivojlantirishning eng asosiy yo‘nalishlaridan biri,  huquq normalarini qanday qilib o‘rganish, ularni tushunish va amalda qo‘llay olishi bilim, ko‘nikma va malakalarini yanada rivojlantirishda o‘quv mashg‘ulotlarini olib borishda interfaol usullar va yangi pedagogik texnologiyalardan foydalanishni talab qilmoqda.

This article discusses the theoretical foundations of the subject "Physical Education," its goals and objectives, methods used in this field, as well as the proper organization of the scientific and pedagogical activities of future physical education teachers. Particular attention is given to aspects requiring special focus during their professional activities and to the organization of innovative activities by future physical education teachers.

This article examines the importance of organizing inclusive education in preschool educational institutions, the essence of the concept of inclusive education, its role in children's social adjustment, individual development, and the formation of tolerance in society. Also, the experience of introducing inclusive education in Uzbekistan and future tasks, the importance of relationships between family members and employees are described.

The quality of education in modern society directly depends on the professional skills of teachers and the process of their work on themselves. Therefore, the continuous professional development of teachers is an important component of the education system. This article discusses the stages of continuous development of teachers, their essence and significance.

The article analyzes the role of women in management within preschool educational organizations, emphasizing their significance in leadership and the impact of international practices on their development. It highlights topics such as women's leadership qualities, global changes, and inclusivity in management. The importance of providing women with education and opportunities for effective leadership is underscored. Additionally, the article emphasizes the need to eliminate gender restrictions in management and improve programs and guidelines to create an independent and sustainable environment for women. 

The article discusses the results of the study, revealing the essence of the computer methodology for assessing the effectiveness of developing the speed of running movements in zones using the example of qualified volleyball players using anaerobic exercises, the most “pure” and true indicators of the speed of shuttle movements in zones were established for the examined volleyball players in the manner of their registration using a computer measuring device.

O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2022-yil 11-maydagi “2022-2026-yillarda xalq ta’limini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha milliy dasturni tasdiqlash to‘g’risida” gi PF-134-sonli Farmonining 7-bandida hamda 2022-yil 21- iyundagi “Pedagogik ta’lim sifatini oshirish va pedagog kadrlar tayyorlovchi oliy ta’lim muassasalari yanada rivojlantirish chora-tadbirlari to‘g’risida” gi PQ – 289- Qarorining 2-bandida pedagog kadrlar tayyorlovchi oliy ta’lim muassasalari kunduzgi ta’lim shaklida tahsil olayotgan 2 - 4-bosqich talabalari uchun haftalik o‘quv mashg‘ulotlari «4+2» tartibida, shu jumladan, darslarning 4 kuni oliy ta’lim muassasasida, 2 kuni maktabgacha va umumiy o‘rta ta’lim muassasalarida amaliyot o‘tash tartibida olib borilishini ta’minlash vazifasi yuklatilgan. 

This article discusses the attention paid to entrepreneurship in our country, in particular the conditions created for youth entrepreneurship, regulatory legal acts and their practical significance, as well as problems that hinder the development of youth entrepreneurship.

Мақолада мева-сабзавот маҳсулотларининг мамлакат озиқ-овқат хавфсизлигини таъминлашдаги ўрни, унинг инсонлар ҳаётидаги аҳамияти ва ҳозирги пайтда етиштириш ҳолати таҳлил қилинган. Шу билан биргаликда етиштирилган маҳсулотларнинг таркибидаги инсонлар организми учун фойлалилиги, бошқа мамлакатларда етиштирилган мева-сабзавот маҳсулотларидан фарқлари таҳлил қилинган.

Ushbu maqolada sog‘liqni saqlash tizimida psixologik xizmatni shakllantirish bo‘yicha bir necha tavsiyalar keltirilgan. Sog‘liqni saqlash tizimida psixologik yordamni o‘rni, ahamiyati, amaliy psixologlarning tibbiyot muassasasiga qo‘shilishining bosqichma-bosqich algoritmi bayon etilgan. Hozirgi globallashuv davrida psixologik yordamga muhtoj bemorlarga amaliy psixolog va tibbiy psixologning o‘zaro kelishgan holda birgalikdagi tizimli ishlashining afzalliklari hamda tibbiyot xodimiga nechog‘lik zarurati haqida mulohaza yuritilgan. Bundan tashqari, shifokorning emotsional charchash holatini oldini olish va ushbu holat yuzaga kelganda amaliy psixologning ahamiyati ko‘rsatilgan. Onkologik, narkomaniya, surunkali kasalliklar bilan kasallangan bemorlar va shu toifaga kiruvchi og‘ir kasalliklarda dastlab, tibbiy psixolog tomonidan psixonevrologik yordam ko‘rsatish hamda keyinchalik tiklanish bosqichida amaliy psixologik yordam ko‘rsatish tuzalish jarayonini tezlashtirish imkoniyatini oshiradi.

The paper covers the application of L-systems in the generation of three-dimensional fractal patterns. L-systems, which were originally developed to model the growth of plants, are a formal grammar-based technique for the definition of recursive structures, and hence well-suited for fractal modeling. This paper will discuss the extension of conventional 2D L-systems to 3D space and show how such systems can be used to generate intricate and visually appealing fractal forms. By playing with parameters like angle, length, and recursion depth, the article presents a comprehensive approach to controlling the complexity and visual structure of 3D fractals. There also was discussed how this method applies to modeling natural phenomena, such as plant growth and branching patterns, and artistic representations via computer graphics. Furthermore, the paper also highlights computational advantages related to the use of L-systems in modeling-such as easily generating structures with complex forms using quite simple rules. By discussing a number of examples with accompanying illustrations, this paper tries to present 3D fractal modeling's versatility and shares its important knowledge for scientific and artistic communities interested in exploring fractals as a tool for simulations and design.

This thesis is about cost management systems which play a crucial role in organizations by providing a structured approach to monitor, control, and optimize costs. These systems are researched to track and analyze expenses across various departments and activities, enabling businesses to make informed decisions and improve their financial performance. From a strategic perspective, cost management systems help organizations identify cost drivers, understand cost behavior, and allocate resources effectively. They also facilitate budgeting and forecasting processes, allowing businesses to set realistic financial targets and monitor their progress. When it comes to the importance of cost management systems, different stakeholders have varying perspectives. From the perspective of top management, these systems provide valuable insights into cost structures and help identify areas of inefficiency or waste. This enables management to take proactive measures to reduce costs, enhance profitability, and gain a competitive edge in the market. For finance departments, cost management systems streamline financial reporting and enable accurate cost allocation, ensuring compliance with accounting standards and regulations.

Ҳар қандай давлат тараққиётини илм-фансиз тассаввур қилиб бўлмайди. Давлатнинг келгусидаги ривожланиш истиқболларин ва кўрсатгичларини илм-фанга қаратилган эътибор ва ёндашув даражасига қараб, белгилаш мумкин. Ўзбекистонда бу борада сўнги йилларда жамият фаровонлиги ва барқаролик йўлида энг муҳим тамойил сифатида илм-фан ривожига катта эътибор ва имкониятлар яратилганлигини алоҳида таъкидлаб ўтиш жойиз.

Жумладан, Мамлакатимизнинг илм-фан жабҳасида 100 дан ортиқ академик ва тармоқ илмий муассасалар фаолият юритмоқда. Шунингдек, бугунги кунда 65 та илмий-тадқиқот институти, 31 та илмий марказ (шундан 14 та ихтисослаштирилган илмий-амалий марказ) ва 8 та бошқа турдаги илмий ташкилот фаолият кўрсатмоқда. Бундан ташқари, олий таълим муассасалари ва уларнинг филиалларида ҳам илмий-тадқиқот ишлари амалга оширилмоқда. Бу ўз навбатида юртимиз олимларининг халқаро илмий журналлардаги мақолалари сони ва салмоғи ортиб боришига сабаб бўлмоқда. Шу билан бир қаторда ёш олимларимиз ва тадқиқотчиларимиз халқаро анжуманлар ҳамда симпозиумларда фаол иштирок этиб, тажриба алмашиб келаётганлигини ҳамда халқаро грантларни ютиб олиб, илмий изланишларини давом эттириш имкониятларига эга бўлаётганлигини алоҳида таъкидлаш мумкин.

 In the context of thesis, understanding Throughput Accounting can provide students with a competitive edge. It enables them to analyze business operations critically and propose strategies that can lead to better financial outcomes. By focusing on throughput, students learn to identify and eliminate bottlenecks, ensuring that resources are used most effectively to achieve maximum profitability

Ushbu maqola elektron tijorat sohasida buxgalteriya va auditorlik tekshiruvlarini takomillashtirish zaruriyatini va uning ahamiyatini ko’rib chiqadi. Maqolada buxgalteriya jarayonlarini avtomatlashtirish, auditorlik vositalarini integratsiyalash, real vaqtli monitoring va audit tizimlarining afzalliklari, shuningdek, kiberxavfsizlik va qonunchilikka rioya qilish kabi muhim masalalar tahlil qilinadi. Elektron tijorat korxonalari uchun buxgalteriya va audit jarayonlarini samarali boshqarish, xatoliklarni aniqlash va firibgarliklarni oldini olish imkoniyatlarini yaratadi. Yangi texnologiyalarni joriy etish va malakali mutaxassislarni tayyorlash orqali kompaniyalar moliyaviy hisobotlarni yanada aniq va ishonchli qilishlari mumkin.

Maqolada raqamli texnologiyalarning ilm-fan sohasidagi o‘rni va ulkan ta'siri yoritib beriladi. Sun’iy intellekt, katta ma’lumotlar tahlili, virtual laboratoriyalar hamda fanlararo yondashuvlar ilmiy izlanishlarning tezkor va samarali o‘tishini ta'minlamoqda. Raqamli texnologiyalar nafaqat ilmiy faoliyatni rivojlantiradi, balki global ilmiy hamkorlikni mustahkamlaydi. Maqolada ushbu texnologiyalarning afzalliklari va yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo‘lgan muammolar keng ko‘lamda tahlil qilingan.

Ушбу мақолада ўзбек тили семантик анализатори учун полифункционал сўзлар қуршовини лингвистик моделлаштириш масаласи, муаммо ва ечими хусусида фикр юритилган. Ўзбек тилида мавжуд айрим полифункционал сўзлар лингвистик моделлаштирилган. Бу лингвистик моделлар математик моделлар яратиш учун дебоча бўлади. 

The article focuses on the linguocultural aspects of translating the poetry of the prominent Karakalpak poet Ibrayim Yusupov. It discusses the challenges of translation, such as conveying national imagery, metaphors, rhythm, and cultural codes. Strategies are highlighted that help preserve the aesthetic and cultural value of the original text.

Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek va nemis yuridik matbuoti tillari qiyosiy tahlil qilinib, ularning leksik, grammatik va uslubiy xususiyatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. O‘zbek va nemis yuridik matbuotidagi o‘xshashlik va farqlar, terminlarning qo‘llanilishi va til normalariga rioya etish darajasi tadqiq etilgan. Maqola yuridik matbuotning huquqiy axborotni ommaga yetkazishdagi rolini ham yoritadi.

The Benefits of Learning English for Future Careers English is a key skill in today is globalized world, playing a significant role in career development and employment. This article highlights how learning English opens doors to jobs in multinational companies, provides access to higher-paying positions, and facilitates networking on an international level. Additionally, English proficiency allows greater access to academic and professional resources, enhancing overall career prospects. In short, learning English will give a boost to your career. It will help you in landing your dream job or starting your own business. By addressing these issues, higher education institutions can help people’s improve their interests, allowing them to communicate more confidently and effectively. This study emphasizes the importance of implementing novel strategies to ensure that others are adequately prepared for the demands of a globalized world.

В работе рассматривается решение физических задач, поставляемых в процессе изучений некоторых явлений методом создания проблемных ситуаций в рассмотрениях этих процессов. Показано, что создание проблемной ситуации и ее разрешение, а также эмоциональная подготовка студентов при решении поставленных задач значительно зависит от самостоятельности студентов. Задача активизации познавательной и мыслительной деятельности студентов успешно решается, если субъективные представления расходятся с некоторыми взглядами, положениями, т.е. если возникает противоречие, которое и является источником создания проблемных ситуаций.

В данной статье мы сравним изучение происхождения и определение равноценности прилагательных, выражающих характер человека, в немецком и узбекском языках, выявление функциональной специфики и использования в языковой структуре концепта комплимента в прилагательных, выражающих характер человека, в немецком и узбекском языках, анализ (путем эксперимента) прилагательных, выражающих характер человека, активно используемых в художественной литературе и в общении на немецком и узбекском языках, сравнение и функционально-семантическая интерпретация прилагательных, выражающих характер человека, немецкого и узбекского языков, исследование валентных особенностей прилагательных, выражающих характер человека, в немецком и узбекском языках, классификация изученных языковых средств по значению и распределению их по лексикосемантическим группам; изучение степени использования и прагматических свойств прилагательных, выражающих характер человека, в немецком и узбекском языковом дискурсе, составление словаря прилагательных, выражающих характер человека, в немецком и узбекском языках.

Ushbu maqolada 3D modellashtirish texnologiyasi yordamida yo‘l chiziqlarini vizuallashtirish usullari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Ushbu texnologiya transport xavfsizligini oshirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Tadqiqot natijalari vizualizatsiya samaradorligini oshirish va aniq modellashtirish algoritmlarini ishlab chiqishda amaliy qo‘llanilishi mumkin.

Ushbu maqola O‘zbekistonda barqaror turizmning iqtisodiy rivojlanishdagi rolini va innovatsion yondashuvlarning ushbu sohada qanday imkoniyatlar yaratishini tahlil qiladi. Maqolada ekologik va madaniy turizmning ahamiyati, shuningdek, barqaror rivojlanishni ta’minlashda mahalliy hamjamiyatlarning ishtiroki tahlil qilinadi. Statistik ma’lumotlar asosida tayyorlangan maqola, O‘zbekiston sharoitida mavjud muammolar va istiqbollarni yoritib, barqaror turizmning iqtisodiy rivojlanishdagi muhim ahamiyatini va uning innovatsion usullarini ko‘rsatadi. Maqola, barqaror turizmning ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va ekologik omillarni muvozanatli ravishda inobatga olish orqali ilgari surilishi zarurligini ta'kidlaydi va davlat siyosati hamda xususiy sektor hamkorligining ahamiyatini, barqaror turizmni amalga oshirishdagi innovatsion yondashuvlarni qo‘llab-quvvatlashning strategik ahamiyatini ko‘rsatadi.

Mazkur tadqiqotda ijtimoiy sohani rivojlantirish va aholining turmush darajasini oshirish masalalari kompleks tarzda o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqot doirasida xalqaro va mahalliy tajribalar tahlil qilinib, aholining farovonligini baholash uchun asosiy ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy ko‘rsatkichlar tizimi aniqlangan. Xususan, tug‘ilish va o‘lim darajasi, ta’lim va sog‘liqni saqlash xizmatlari sifati, daromad va xarajatlarning muvozanati kabi indikatorlarning bugungi holati batafsil tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, O‘zbekistonda ijtimoiy sohaga oid amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar turmush darajasini oshirishda muhim o‘rin tutmoqda. Xususan, ta’lim va sog‘liqni saqlash sohalarida innovatsion texnologiyalarni joriy etish, aholining davlat xizmatlariga bo‘lgan ishonchini oshirish va ekologik barqarorlikni ta’minlashga doir chora-tadbirlar samaradorligi ta’kidlangan. Shu bilan birga, hududiy farqlarni kamaytirish, norasmiy bandlikni legallashtirish va ijtimoiy xizmatlarni teng taqsimlashga oid muammolar mavjudligi qayd etilgan. Tadqiqot davomida raqamli texnologiyalarni keng joriy etish, ta’lim va sog‘liqni saqlash tizimlarining sifatini oshirish, yashil energetika sohasida investitsiyalarni ko‘paytirish kabi takliflar ilgari surilgan.Tahlillardan kelib chiqib, ijtimoiy sohani yanada rivojlantirish va barqaror rivojlanishni ta’minlash uchun innovatsion yondashuvlarni keng qo‘llash va xalqaro tajribalarni mahalliy sharoitga moslashtirish muhim ekanligi xulosa qilinadi.

Tadbirkorlik faoliyatida tаrmоqlаr bо‘yiсhа ishlаb сhiqаrish оmillаri sаmаrаdоrligi haqida tushunchalar va uni rivojlantirish. Ishlab chiqarish samaradorligini oshirish О‘zbеkistоn Rеsрublikаsini ijtimоiy-iqtisоdiy rivоjlаntirishni 2030 yilgасhа kоnsерsiyаsidа mаkrоiqtisоdiy bаrqаrоrlikni vа iqtisоdiy о‘sish bаrаrоrligini tа’minlаsh, iqtisоdiyоt tаrmоqlаrining rаqоbаtbаrdоshligini, invеstitsiоn vа еksроrt sаlоhiyаtini оshirish, tаdbirkоrlikni rivоjlаntirish vа himоyа qilish uсhun qulаy shаrt-shаrоitlаr yаrаtish, mеhnаt bоzоridа kеskinlik dаrаjаsini раsаytirish, аhоli dаrоmаdlаri о‘sishi vа kаm tа’minlаngаnlikni qisqаrtirish nаzаrdа tutilаdi. Iqtisоdсhi оlimlаrning iqtisоdiy о‘sish sur’аtlаrini, оmillаrini о‘rgаnish hаmdа uning kеlgusidаgi nаtijаlаrini bаshоrаt qilish bоrаsidаgi tаdqiqоtlаri рirоvаrdidа turli iqtisоdiy о‘sish mоdеllаrining yаrаtilishigа оlib kеldi. Bu mоdеllаr о‘z mаzmunigа kо‘rа bir-birlаridаn fаrqlаnsаdа, ulаrning аsоsidа ikkitа nаzаriyа – mаkrоiqtisоdiy muvоzаnаtning kеynsсhа (kеyinсhаlik nеоkеynsсhа) nаzаriyаsi hаmdа ishlаb сhiqаrishning klаssik (kеyinсhаlik nеоklаssik) nаzаriyаsi yоtаdi.

Ushbu maqolada umumta’lim tizimidagi oldin amaliyotda bo’lgan o’quv dasturiga nisbatan hozirgi vaqtda qo’llanilib kelayotgan yangi yaratilgan matematika fani bo’yicha Milliy o’quv dasturi afzalliklari haqida so’z boradi.

Ushbu maqola Germaniya va Italiyadagi amaliy tadqiqotlar orqali samarali mehnatni boshqarish amaliyotlarini o'rganib chiqadi, ularning har biri ishchi kuchini rivojlantirish va mehnat moslashuvchanligiga alohida yondashuvlarni taklif qiladi: Germaniyaning kasbiy ta’lim va ishchilar vakilligidagi muvaffaqiyati: Germaniyaning akademik va amaliy ta’limni o‘zida mujassam etgan dual ta’lim tizimi sanoat ehtiyojlariga moslashtirilgan yuqori malakali ishchi kuchini yaratishga muvaffaqiyatli yondashuvning namunasidir. Mamlakatning ishchi kengashlari va jamoaviy muzokaralar orqali vakillik qilish uchun mustahkam asoslari ham hamkorlikdagi mehnat munosabatlari ishdan qoniqish darajasini oshirishi, nizolarni kamaytirishi va ushlab qolishni oshirishi mumkinligini ko'rsatadi. Italiyaning ishchi kuchining moslashuvchanligi va yoshlar bandligi bo‘yicha muammolari va yechimlari: Italiyaning qattiq mehnat qonunlari dastlab mehnat bozori chaqqonligiga to‘sqinlik qilgan, ammo Ish o‘rinlari to‘g‘risidagi qonun kabi islohotlar strategik tuzatishlar ishchilar huquqlarini himoya qilish bilan birga moslashuvchanlikni oshirishi mumkinligini ko‘rsatmoqda. Italiyaning yoshlar ishsizligini hal qilish va raqamli transformatsiyada kichik va o'rta korxonalarni qo'llab-quvvatlashga qaratilgan maqsadli tashabbuslari ham rivojlanayotgan mehnat bozorlarida sezgir siyosat zarurligini ta'kidlaydi.

Предложен метод аналитико-численного решения не осесимметричной краевой задачи теории упругости для тела в виде цилиндра с несколькими цилиндрическими полостями. Решение строится в виде суперпозиции точных базисных решений уравнения Ламе для цилиндра в системах координат, отнесенных к центрам граничных поверхностей тела. Граничные условия задачи удовлетворяются точно при помощи аппарата обобщенного метода Фурье. В результате исходная задача сводится к бесконечной системе линейных алгебраических уравнений, оператор которой является фредгольмовым в гильбертовом пространстве l₂. Разрешающая система решается численно методом редукции. Исследована практическая скорость сходимости метода редукции. Проведен численный анализ напряжений в зонах их наибольшей концентрации. Достоверность результатов подтверждается сравнением их для двух случаев: цилиндра с шестнадцатью и с четырьмя цилиндрическими полостями.

This article explores the issue of visual approach, which is now a new concept in the methodology of teaching literature.  It analyzes the importance of a visual approach to a work of fiction.  The author of the article observes the importance of the visual approach by analyzing some of the poems and summarizes their ideas.

This article discusses the new directions and prospects of future scientific research. Research in fields such as artificial intelligence, genomics, biotechnology, green energy, quantum technologies, space exploration, and social sciences opens up opportunities for creating new technologies, improving human life, and solving global challenges. The article analyzes the development prospects of these fields and the opportunities they offer for science.

this article describes the relationship in the family, the relationship of children and parents, the formation of the child's relationship with the outside world, the influence of the main relationship between parents and children on the formation of the child's character on the effectiveness and success of his social adaptation.

Oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi – bu jamiyatning barcha qatlamlarini sifatli, xavfsiz va yetarli miqdordagi oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari bilan uzluksiz ta’minlashga qaratilgan strategik jarayon va tizimdir. Mazkur soha nafaqat oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqarish, saqlash, va tarqatishni qamrab oladi, balki ekologik barqarorlik, sanitariya-gigiyena me’yorlariga rioya qilish, ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy barqarorlikni ham o‘z ichiga oladi. Oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi global darajada dolzarb muammo bo'lib, uning asosiy maqsadi har bir inson uchun yetarli, sog‘lom va sifatli ovqatlanishni ta'minlashdir. Jahon oziq-ovqat tizimlari iqlim o‘zgarishi, iqtisodiy notinchlik va geosiyosiy ziddiyatlar sababli katta bosim ostida qolmoqda. Ushbu maqolada oziq-ovqat xavfsizligining holati, muammolari va statistik ko‘rsatkichlari tahlil qilinadi.

O‘zbekistonda gastronomik turizmni rivojlantirish tendensiyalarini o‘rganish hamda gastronomik turistik subyektlar faoliyatining iqtisodiy samaradorligining tahlilini amalga oshirish. Ushbu maqoladan ko‘zlangan asosiy maqsad gastronomik turizmning kelib chiqishi va uning mohiyatini keng yoritib berishdan iborat, chunki, bugungi kunda dunyoning rivojlangan juda ko‘plab davlatlarida turizmning asosiy turi sifatida gastronomik turizm etirof etilmoqda, negaki gastronomik turizm sohasini jadal rivojlantirish iqtisodiy o‘sishning muhim omili sanaladi. Shu tufayli gastronomik turizmni rivojlantirish nazariy-uslubiy va amaliy jihatlari bo‘yicha ilmiy-tadqiqot ishlarini olib borish dolzarb masala hisoblanadi. 

Ushbu maqolada Yangi Oʻzbekiston sharoitida iqtisodiy tarmoqlar va sohalarni rivojlantirishda startap loyihalarning oʻrni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Istiqbolli yoʻnalishlar sifatida axborot texnologiyalari, qishloq xoʻjaligi, yashil iqtisodiyot, turizm, taʼlim va sogʻliqni saqlash kabi sohalar koʻrib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, startaplarni rivojlantirish uchun zarur boʻlgan moliyaviy qoʻllab-quvvatlash, innovatsion ekotizimni shakllantirish, isteʼdodlarni rivojlantirish va huquqiy muhitni takomillashtirish boʻyicha takliflar berilgan. Mazkur maqola Oʻzbekistonda innovatsion iqtisodiyotga oʻtish jarayonini tezlashtirishga qaratilgan strategik yondashuvni yoritadi.

Sun’iy intellekt yordamida ishlash chiqarish jarayonlarini avtomatlashtirish ma’lumotlarni to’plab, tahlil qilish, sun’iy intellekt modellari uchun ma’lumotlar tayyorlash va sinovdan o’tkazish. Avtomatlashtirish vositalaridan foydalanish. Sifatni ta’minlash va sun’iy intellekt tizimi.

Mazkur maqolada O'zbekistonda biznes muhitini yaxshilash va investitsion loyihalardan foydalanish jarayonlarini takomillashtirish boʻyicha bir qancha muammolar va ularning mumkin boʻlgan yechimlari atroflicha koʻrib chiqiladi. Bundan tashqari, respublikamiz iqtisodiyotining turli sohalarida biznes muhitini yaxshilash va investitsion loyihalardan foydalanish mexanizmlari haqida batafsil bayon etilgan.

Молодежь всегда была и остается в центре внимания государственной политики Узбекистана. Сегодня в нашей стране проводятся масштабные реформы в каждой сфере, создаются условия для гармоничного развития и воспитания молодежи. Узбекистан в настоящем смыс­­ле страна молодежи. В предложенной статье рассмотрена роль молодого поколения в широкомасштабных реформах как основной движущей силы Нового Узбекистана. Особое внимание уделено основным направлениям государственной поддержке молодёжи для самореализации.

This article examines the essence and main characteristics of a startup, and determines the importance of startups in the development of promising industries and production facilities of the economy in the conditions of the new Uzbekistan.

Mақолада ташкилий маданият ходимларнинг меҳнат фаолиятини рағбатлантириш тизимининг асоси сифатида кўриб чиқилади. Бу ташкилот маданиятининг хусусиятларини ҳисобга олган ҳолда ходимларнинг меҳнат мотивациясини назорат қилиш, бу ташкилотда инсон салоҳиятини кўп ўлчовли ва хилма-хил очиб бериш вазифасини муваффақиятли ҳал қилишга имкон беради.

Ushbu maqolada bo‘lajak boshlang‘ich sinf o‘qituvchilarida  bolalar adabiyoti fani asosida o‘quv topshiriqlarini ishlab chiqish metodikasini takomillashtirish mexanizmi. Anvar Obidjon she’riyatidagi bolalar obrazi, ularning o‘ziga xos xarakter, xususiyatlari tahlil qilingan.  Bolalarning rang-barang ruhiy olami hamda ramziy detallarning ma’nolari yoritib berilgan va undan metodik, didaktik, pedagogik usullarni yaratishda foydalanish imkoniyati ko‘rsatilgan.

The scientific and methodological basis for improving the content of native language education through independent learning has been substantiated, highlighting the content and essence of independent learning and the methodological-didactic characteristics of enhancing students' speech and linguistic competencies through independent study and educational tasks. This aims to improve linguo-pedagogical competencies. It is considered appropriate to cultivate students' interest in the subject and to provide them with opportunities to develop multiple speech skills within a single educational task. This approach encourages students to consciously engage in tasks related to speech and linguistic competencies, adhere to a didactic sequence in completing tasks, and communicate effectively with artificial intelligence to find tasks from modern information sources.

the article examines the theoretical foundations of collaborative technologies and ways of applying them to the educational process. The role, methods and practical results of cooperative education in improving the knowledge efficiency of students are considered. Innovative approaches to improving the quality of education with the help of collaborative technologies are also highlighted.

The article presents a cognitive model of competence in the form of an oriented weighted graph, identifies systemic characteristics of competence, and uses information entropy to determine the degree of significance of the studied disciplines. Based on the cognitive model, a procedure for assessing the level of competence has been developed using an integral criterion, which takes into account the degree of assimilation of disciplines at a given point in time and the degree of their influence on the formation of competence. It also introduces the concept of the life cycle of competence, which consists of three stages, for each of which an algorithm has been developed tracking the degree of competency development A set of suggestions is put forth to restructure the current system of planning and overseeing the execution of the primary educational program, as well as to increase the functionality of software modules utilized in automated university management systems, based on the scoring evaluations of the university rating system.

Jamiyatda ilm-fan va texnologiyalar va xotin qizlarning roli, mamlakatimizda xotin-qizlar tomonidan olib borilayotgan ilmiy tadqiqot ishlar, Jamiyatimizda faol, bilimi va salohiyati bilan bizga g‘urur bag‘ishlaydigan ayollarimiz soni

In this article, using the system of educational tasks on literary reading, organization of students' activities in literary reading classes. The content side of the system is based on texts of various genres, and the organizational side is based on innovative activities (research, interpretation, design, creative, game), which is interesting for modern schoolchildren. In order to use the system of tasks in the educational process, it is revealed how to make it convenient and effective.

Maqolada kredit-modul tizimi, uning ta’lim tizimiga joriy etilishi, o’qitish sifatini oshirishda kredit-modul tizimining avzalliklari bayon etilgan. Shui bilan bir qatorda mamlakatimiz ta’lim tizimidagi kredit-modulli o’qitishning yutuqlari, uni yanada takomillashtirish borasidagi qarashlar yoritilgan. 

Maktabgacha ta’lim tashkilotida eng asosiy rol bu pedagogning roli hisoblanadi. Pedagog bu tarbiyachi hisoblanadi. Tarbiyachining bolalarni maktabgacha ta’lim tashkilotiga moslashuvi, ta’lim tarbiya jarayonlarida bolalarning tarbiya jarayonlarida, faoliyat jarayonlarida interaktiv metodlardan foydalangan holda bolalarning muloqotchanligini shakillantirishda tarbiyachi kreativ yondashuvining roli katta hisoblanadi.

Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasida amalga oshirilayotgan ta’lim va tarbiyaga oid Davlat siyosati hamda so‘nggi yillarda sohaga oid qabul qilingan “Uzluksiz ma’naviy tarbiya” Konsepsiyasi va  “Ta’lim to‘g‘risida”gi Qonun to‘g‘risida, ushbu me’yoriy-huquqiy hujjatlarning shaxs kamolotiga ijobiy ta’siri haqida  ma’lumot berilgan. Shuningdek maqolada ommaviy madaniyat tushunchasi va uning yoshlar ongiga salbiy ta’siri   haqida ham yetarlicha ma’lumotlar berilgan.  

Ushbu maqolada bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarning kasbiy madaniyatiga qo‘yiladigan talablar haqida mulohazalar yuritilgan

Zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalari kun sayin takomillashib borayotgan joriy davrda maktab o‘quvchilarida unga mos ravishda kompetentlikni rivojlantirish masalasi ham jiddiylashib bormoqda. Birgina  ushbu maqola mazmunida maktab o‘quvchilarining algoritmik qobiliyatini rivojlantirishning amaliy ahamiyati haqidagi fikr-mulohazalarni bildirish orqali innovatsion ta’lim muhitida buning muhimligining sabablari ko‘rsatildi.

ushbu maqolada Navoiy ayollarning jamiyatdagi o‘rnini faqat oilaga tegishli emas, balki kengroq ijtimoiy muhitga ham taalluqli deb bilgan. U ayollarning faqat o‘z oilasi va uy ishlarida cheklanishini emas, balki ilm-fan, san'at, adabiyot va siyosatda ham faol ishtirok etishini muhim deb hisoblagan. "Farhod va Shirin" kabi asarlarda, ayol obrazlari bir tomondan sevgining timsoli bo‘lsa, boshqa tomondan, ularda insoniyatning yuqori axloqiy fazilatlari va ijtimoiy mas'uliyatlari mujassam bo‘lganligi haqida so‘z brogan.

Respublikamizda o‘qitish metodikasini yanada takomillashtirish, ta’lim-tarbiya jarayonlariga individuallashtirish tamoyillarini bosqichma-bosqich tatbiq etish, ta’lim tizimiga zamonaviy axborot-kommunikatsion va innovatsion texnologiyalarini joriy etishga alohida e’tibor qaratilmoqda. Ushbu maqolada umumta’lim maktablari geografiya ta’limini modernizatsiya qilishning huquqiy-me’yoriy asoslari hamda ta’lim jarayonlarida elektron axborot ta’lim resurslarini yaratish va amaliyotda foydalanish bo‘yicha fikr-mulohazalar keltirilgan

Ushbu maqolada Abdulla Avloniy yaratgan darsliklar va o‘qish kitoblari to‘g‘risida so‘z boradi. U yaratgan asar va darsliklar savod chiqarishda bilim va tushunchalarni bolalar ongiga sodda va tushunarli yetkazishga alohida e’tibor berilgan

Kredit-modul tizimi ta’lim jarayonini yangilash va talabalar uchun qulayroq qilish maqsadida joriy etilgan zamonaviy ta’lim yondashuvlaridan biridir. Ushbu tizim, o‘z ichiga talabalar o‘z bilimlarini mustaqil ravishda rivojlantirish, o‘z qiziqishlari va ehtiyojlariga mos ravishda ta’lim olish imkoniyatini beradi. Talabalarning mustaqil ta’lim metodikasini takomillashtirish, ularning o‘z-o‘zini boshqarish qobiliyatini rivojlantirish va bilim olish jarayonini yanada chuqurlashtirish muhim ahamiyatga ega. Ushbu maqolada kredit-modul tizimida talabalarning mustaqil ta’lim metodikasini takomillashtirishning asosiy jihatlari va usullari haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada bo‘lajak boshlang‘ich sinf o‘qituvchilarining intellektual rivojlanishida tanqidiy va kreativ fikrlashni qo‘llash metodikasi muhokama qilinadi. Tanqidiy fikrlash o‘qituvchiga muammolarni chuqur tahlil qilish, mantiqiy qarorlar qabul qilish imkonini bersa, kreativ fikrlash pedagogga ijodkorlik bilan darslarni tashkil etish va o‘quvchilarning qiziqishini oshirishda yordam beradi. Bu esa nafaqat boshlang‘ich sinf o‘qituvchilarini tayyorlash sifatini oshiradi, balki ta’lim tizimining umumiy samaradorligiga ham ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi

Mazkur maqolada bugungi kunda ilg‘or hisoblangan Amerika ta’lim tizimining uzviyligi va uzluksizligi, ta’lim bosqichlari ketma-ketlikda batafsil bayon qilingan. Unda, jumladan, maktabgacha ta’lim, o‘rta ta’lim va oliy ta’limning asosiy funksiyalari ochib berilgan va xulosalar keltirilgan

Ushbu maqolada tarbiya fanidan tuziladigan mustaqil ta’lim topshiriqlarini takomillashtirishning pedagogik, psixologik xususiyatlari, mustaqil ta’lim topshiriqlaridan foydalanish zarurati, tarbiyaviy ko‘nikmani rivojlantirishga oid didaktik talablar keltirilgan: -bir o‘quv mustaqil ta’lim topshirig‘ini bajarish asnosida bir nechta tarbiyaviy ko‘nikmani rivojlantira olish imkoniyatiga ega bo‘lishi

Ushbu maqolada bo‘lajak texnologiya o‘qituvchilarida dizayn kompеtеnsiyalarni shakllantirishning o‘ziga xosligi, talabalarni tеxnologik faoliyatga tayyorlash, amaliy faoliyatning turli sohalarida ularda shaxsiy mеhnat tajribasi va faoliyat ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishning dolzarbligi haqida aytilgan.